1. Opening!
Brain pop!

2. What is a Wave?
A wave is a rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter and space. In the ocean, waves move through seawater.

3. What Causes Waves?
When wind blows across a body of water, wind energy is transferred to the water.
When the wind speed is great enough the water beings to pile up, forming a wave.
Wind!

4. Causes of Waves!
Once set in motion, waves continue moving for long distances, even if the wind stops blowing.
The waves you see lapping at a beach could have formed halfway around the world!

5. Ocean Currents!

6. Ocean Currents Ocean currents are a mass flow of ocean water.
There are two main types of currents:
Surface Currents
Deep Ocean Currents

7. Surface Currents!
Surface currents move water horizontally and parallel to the Earth’s surface.
Surface Currents are powered by wind.
There are warm and cold surface currents.

8. Surface Currents!
Surface winds and surface currents are affected by the rotation of the Earth.
This is called the Coriolis Effect.

9. Deep Sea Currents!

10. Deep ocean currents circulate because of density differences.
More dense seawater sinks beneath less dense seawater.
Deep Ocean Currents!

11. How It Works!
When water becomes colder it becomes more dense, causing it to sink.
It flows along the ocean floor until it hits warmer regions and the water heats up.
When the water heats up it becomes less dense and floats.
It flows along the ocean surface until it hits colder regions and it cools off.

12. Tides!

13. What Are Tides?
Tides are the daily rise and fall of Earth’s waters on its coastlines.
As the tide comes in, the level of water on the beach rises, and as the tide goes out, the level of water on the beach goes down.

14. High tides are when the water reaches its highest point.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students record the important information about “high tides” on their notes.

15. Low tides are when the water reaches its lowest point.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students record the important information about “low tides” on their notes.

16. What Causes Tides?
The gravitational pull from the Moon, and the rotation of the Earth on its axis, cause the ocean and sea water to bulge, producing the tides.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students answer “what causes tides?” on their notes.

17. The Moon pulls on the water on the side nearest to it more strongly than it pulls on the center of the Earth.
This pull creates a bulge of water on the side of Earth facing the the Moon.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide. The students do not need to record any new information. The slide is to illustrate the “bulge” created by the gravitational pull of the moon.

18. In places where there are tidal bulges, high tide is occurring along the coastlines.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the slide and the students should identify “high tides” on the diagram on their notes.

19. In places between the tidal bulges, low tide is occurring along the coastlines.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the slide and the students should identify “low tides” on the diagram on their notes.
Low Tide

20. Sun’s Gravity and Tides
The Sun is so large that its gravity also affects tides.
At times, the Sun and Moon pull together on Earth’s waters in the same direction.
At other times they pull in different directions.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide. The students do not need to record any information.

21. Spring Tide
Spring tides occur 2 times a month, when the Earth, Sun, and Moon are lined up.
Spring tides are higher and lower than normal tides.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students describe Spring Tides on their notes.

22. Neap Tide
Neap tides occur in between spring tides, when the sun and moon are perpendicular to each other.
Neap tides are not as high or low as normal tides.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students describe Neap Tides on their notes.