1. Nonparametric
Three or more groups

2. Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of Variance of Ranks Test
More than two groups, ordinal level data on the DV 27

3. Example
A police psychologist wants to determine whether relaxation or guided imagery enhance the rank-orderings of the crime-solving abilities of police officers. He/she compares them to a control group.
6 in the control group, 6 in relaxation, 6 in imagery 28

4. Example -- continued Number of Samples: 3
Nature of Samples: independent
Independent Variable: type of treatment 29

5. Example -- continued
4. Dependent Variable and its Level of Measurement: rank ordered judgments, ordinal
5. Target Population: police officers
6. Inferential Statistical Technique:
Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of Variance of Ranks Test

6. Example -- continued 7. H0: H1: Decision Rule:
Type of training will have no effect on rank-ordered crime-solving ability
H1:
Type of training will have an effect on rank-ordered crime-solving ability
Decision Rule:
If the p-value of the obtained test statistic is less than .05, reject the null hypothesis 31

7. Example -- continued 10. Obtained Test Statistic:
Decision: accept the null hypothesis
d.f. = number of samples - 1

8. Results Section
The results of the Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of Variance of Ranks Test involving type of training as the independent variable and rank-ordered crime-solving ability as the dependent variable were not statistically significant. 33

9. Discussion Section
It appears that the type of training police officers receive has no effect on rank-ordered crime-solving ability 34

10. Kruskal-Wallis Test and SPSS for Windows
Statistics, Nonparametric Tests, k Independent Samples
Move DV to Test Variable list
Move IV to Grouping Variable
Define Groups
Make sure K-W is checked

11. Interpreting the Printout
Mean ranks
Chi-Square (obtained test statistic)
Significance (p-value)

12. Sample Printout