1. New Unit: Human Impact on the Environment
Make a Four Square with the diamond in the middle
In the diamond write “Human Impact” and “your name”

2. Basic Human Needs
Oxygen – about 6 minutes, you will likely lose consciousness before that though
Water – One week (to be generous) more likely 3-4 days, you will feel it before that
Food – about 21 days, again you will feel symptoms before that
Sleep – 11 days, by my research is the world record

3. Things we will explore:
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Mining
Transportation
Energy Production

4. Agriculture
the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food and other products.

5. Agriculture Make a list of at least 5 pros, uses, ways
Make a list of at least 5 cons or problems
Ex.: pro – provides food source
Ex.: con – farm runoff

6. Mining/Manufacturing
The prospecting (finding), the extraction (getting), and processing (making) of goods or wares especially on a large scale out of valuable minerals or other materials from the earth

7. Mining/Manufacturing
Make a list of at least 5 pros, uses, ways
Make a list of at least 5 cons or problems

8. Mining
the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, including prospecting (finding) and processing (making it useful)

9. Mining Make a list of at least 5 pros, uses, ways
Make a list of at least 5 cons or problems

10. Transportation
a system or means of moving people or goods

11. Transportation Make a list of at least 5 pros, uses, ways
Make a list of at least 5 cons or problems

12. Energy
power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.

13. Energy Make a list of at least 5 pros, uses, ways
Make a list of at least 5 cons or problems

14. Pennsylvania Agriculture
Copy if true. Correct the false statements.

15. 1. Pennsylvania’s #1 industry is agriculture.
True

16. 2. Farming is only responsible for the food we consume.
False

17. What’s on America’s Dinner Table?
Fresh Fruits
126.2 pounds
Flour & Cereal Products
196.9 pounds
Eggs
245 eggs
Milk
21 gallons
Red Meats
116.9 pounds
Farming IS responsible for the food we consume.
Here you can see the Annual per capita consumption of major foods.
Source: ERS Food Consumption Database, February 2009
Fats & Oils pounds
Cheese
32.7 pounds
Fresh Vegetables
202.2 pounds
Rice
20.5 pounds
Poultry
85.4 pounds
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

18. How Many People Does One Farmer Feed?
Source: AFBF
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

19. Number of people fed annually by one farmer19 27 46 73
115
129
America’s farmers are the world’s most productive. Today, each U.S. farmer produces food and fiber for 155 people in the United States and abroad.
Source: AFBF
139
143
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

20. Farming is MORE than just food!
Personal Care Products Shampoo, soap, cosmetics, lotions, fingernail polish, toothpaste
Construction Lumber, paints, brushes, tar paper, drywall, tool handles, particle board
Health Care Pharmaceuticals, surgical sutures, ointments, latex gloves, x-ray film
Manufacturing Adhesives, lubricants, solvents, detergents, polymers
Entertainment Film, strings for musical instruments
Transportation Biofuels including ethanol and biodiesel, lubricants, antifreeze, tires, upholstery, packing materials
However, Farming is MORE than just food. Many products we use in our everyday lives come from plants and animals produced by America’s farmers and ranchers.
Source: USDA - Agricultural Outlook
Education Crayons, text books, chalk, desks, pencils, paper
Printing Paper, ink, film
Sports Uniforms, baseball bats, leather equipment and balls, shoes
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

21. 3. Agricultural exports contribute to a strong United States economy.
True

22. What is the U.S. Share of World Production?
Beef and Veal 20.6%
Soybeans 33%
Cotton 15.9%
Corn 41.9%
For these are the percentages for the US agricultural contributions on the world market for the top 7 commodities.
US exports account for only 24% of US agricultural products.
Sources: USDA – ERS; USDA – FAS
Eggs 8.5%
Milk 17%
Wheat 9.2%
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

23. What Do We Trade on the World Market?
Source: USDA - ERS/Agricultural Outlook Tables (2008)
Top Exports (billions)
U.S. Ag Exports = $115 billion
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

24. Who Imports U.S. Farm Products?
In 2008, $115.5 billion worth of American agricultural products were exported around the globe. The “Top 5” countries (shown below in red) accounted for more than 50 percent of all exports.
Canada and Mexico are the two largest trading partners of the U.S. Together, they account for nearly one-third of all U.S. agricultural exports.
Source: USDA, FAS Online-2009
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

25. What Do We Import on the World Market?
The United States sells more food and fiber to world markets than we import, creating a positive agricultural trade balance. Agriculture is one of the few U.S. industries with a positive trade balance. When we move more commodities into additional markets, both commodity prices and farm incomes tend to rise.
Source: USDA - ERS/Agricultural Outlook Tables (2008)
Top Imports (billions)
U.S. Ag Imports = $79 billion
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

26. Import/Export Balance
$79 billion
As long as we export, more than we import…it is benefiting our economySource: USDA - Economic Research Service / Foreign Agricultural Service trade databases, 2003
$115 billion

27. 4. United States agriculture ensures an economical food supply.
True

28. It takes about 40 days for most Americans to earn enough disposable income to pay for their food consumed at home and away from home for the entire year.
It takes the average American more than 100 days to earn enough income to pay federal, state and local taxes each year.
Source: Agricultural Outlook - USDA

29. Percent of Income Food Is Most Affordable in the United States
Sources: United Nations; Economic Research Service - USDA

30. Who Pays the Least for Food?
Of the 10 percent of disposable income Americans spend on food each year:
58 percent is for food eaten at home
42 percent is for food eaten away from home.
U.S. figure is for food consumed at home and away from home. Figures for all other countries are for food consumed at home. As food consumed at home is less expensive, the gap between these countries and the U.S. would be even greater if food consumed away from home was added.
Source: USDA – ERS (5-year average, data)
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

31. 5. Most farms are family owned.
True

32. We STILL Have Family Farms!
American farmers are business people, community leaders,
environmentalists, animal caretakers, and family men and women.
Source: USDA – ERS; ARMS Survey, 2007
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

33. Farm Ownership 2% Non-family corporations
Individual or family-owned farms, family partnerships or family-owned corporations 98%
Most American farms are still family farms! Today, 98 percent of all U.S. farms are owned by individuals, family partnerships or family corporations. Just 2 percent of America’s farms and ranches are owned by non-family corporations.
Source: USDA – ERS; ARMS Survey, 2007
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

34. Farm Production 18% 82% Non-family corporations
Individual or family-owned farms, family partnerships or family-owned corporations
82%
In addition, 82 percent of U.S. ag products sold are produced on farms owned by individuals, family partnerships and family corporations. Non-family corporations account for only 18 percent of U.S. ag product sales.
Source: USDA – ERS; ARMS Survey, 2007
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

35. 6. The number of farms in the United States is higher than ever.
False

36. How Many Farms and Farmers?
• In 1935, the number of farms in the United States peaked at 6.8 million. Today, there are 2.2 million farms dotting America’s rural landscape. Texas had the most farms (247,500) in 2008, followed by Missouri (108,000), Iowa (92,600), Oklahoma (86,600) and Kentucky (85,300).
• Total land in farms was estimated at million acres in 2008, compared to 1.04 billion acres in Since 1987, the average size of U.S. farms has hovered around 455 acres.
• A total of 373,500 farms had sales of $100,000 or more in Those operations accounted for only 17 percent of all farms, but 89 percent of total sales.
• Agriculture and related industries (producing, processing, selling and trading the nation’s food and fiber) employ more than 21 million Americans – 15 percent of the total U.S. workforce.
Sources: Census of Agriculture (2007); ERS – ARMS Survey; USDA – NASS
Total farm land=919.9 million acres
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

37. How much is an acre? An acre is about as much as a football field.
Total land in farms was estimated at million acres in 2008, compared to 1.04 billion acres in 1980.
Since 1987, the average size of U.S. farms has hovered around 455 acres.
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

38. What Does One Acre of Land Produce?
810 pounds of Cotton
2,694 pounds of Wheat
11,500 pounds of Sweet Corn
39,500 pounds of Potatoes
31,000 pounds of Oranges
35,600 pounds of Lettuce
46,500 pounds of Strawberries
Sources: North Dakota Wheat Commission; National Cotton Council of America; California Strawberry Commission; USDA – NASS
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

39. 7. For every dollar you spend on food, the farmer makes $.50.
False

40. Where Does Your Food Dollar Go?
3.5¢ Depreciation
4¢ Rent
2.5¢ Interest
1.5¢ Repairs
3.5¢ Business Taxes
3.5¢ Other Costs
4¢ Advertising
4.5¢ Profits
3.5¢ Energy
4¢ Transportation
8¢ Packaging
38.5¢ Off Farm Labor
OFF-FARM costs (marketing expenses associated with processing, wholesaling, distributing and retailing of food products) account for 81 cents of every retail dollar spent on food.
FARMERS and RANCHERS receive only 19 cents out of every retail dollar spent on food that is eaten at home and away from home. In 1980, farmers received 31 cents out of every retail dollar spent on food in America.
OTHER COSTS include property taxes and insurance; accounting and professional services; promotion; bad debts; and many miscellaneous items.
Source: USDA – ERS (2006)
19¢ FARM
81¢ OFF-FARM
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

41. What Are the Farmer’s Expenses?
In 2008, farm level production expenses were 14.2 percent higher than in 2007 and 38.5 percent higher than in 2004.
Sources: USDA – ERS; USDA – NASS
Off-Farm 81¢
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

42. What Does a Dairy Cow Consume in a Day?
35 gallons of water
35 pounds of hay or silage
A typical cow weighs 1,500 pounds and produces 70 pounds of milk per day. A cow converts roughage and grains not consumed by people into high-energy foods.
Source: Hoard’s Dairyman
20 pounds of grain and concentrated feed
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

43. What Does a Dairy Cow Produce in a Day?
One Day’s Production
3.3 pounds of butter OR
8.1 gallons of milk OR
7.0 pounds of cheese
VALUE of a cow’s daily production = $ COST
Feed = $4.50
Supplies = $3.00
Bldgs./overhead = $3.75
______________________
Daily Costs = $11.25
RETURN on Labor = $0.30
A typical cow produces 70 pounds of milk per day.
Return on labor is $.30 LESS than just 6 years ago.
Source: Hoard’s Dairyman
American Farm Bureau Federation® graphic

44. 8. Agriculture is our nation’s largest employer.
True
Agriculture and related industries (producing, processing, selling and trading the nation’s food and fiber) employ more than 21 million Americans – 15 percent of the total U.S. workforce.