1. Environmental Science
Erosion!
Environmental Science

2. Erosion
Erosion
The removal and transport of weathered materials by natural agents such as
Caused by
Glaciers
Running water
Gravity
Wind
Waves

3. Glaciers
Mass of compacted ice and snow that moves under its own weight

4. Glaciers
Glaciers account for about 75% of the fresh water on Earth

5. Glaciers can leave behind large boulders that are known as an erratic

6. Glacial Landforms Trough
U-shaped valley, Glaciers carve U shaped valleys

7. Streams and Rivers Velocity - How fast the water moves
Gradient - The steepness, the slope that a river or stream travels
If there is a steep gradient, high velocity, and a large discharge, then Erosion will be severe!
Rivers have energy to move lots of sediment, and even large boulders.

8. River stages affect: Velocity, Gradient, & discharge which cause Erosion

10. Erosion-Mass Movement
The downward transportation of weathered materials by gravity
Massive Landslide

11. Erosion-Mass Movement
Creep
Slump
Mudflow/Earthflow
Landslide/Rockslide

12. Fence posts leaning due to creep

13. Slump can cause road hazards

14. Mudflow in the Blue Ridge Mooreman’s Gap near Charlottesville

15. At the bottom of an old rock slide in N.C.

16. Wave Erosion
The crashing of waves on a shoreline combined with storms continually shape the beach. This is a shoreline with erosion.

18. Wind and Waves
Wind moves sand dunes at the beach and in the deserts.

19. Wind and Waves
Wind can carve out landscapes as it carries sediment

20. Wind and Waves
Many storms combine water and wind to cause significant erosion on landforms.
Strong winds are capable of moving large amounts of sediment

21. Deposition: The process of dropping or depositing soil and sediments.

22. Types of hard stabilization
Hard stabilization perpendicular to the coast within the surf zone:
Jetties—protect harbor entrances
Groins—designed to trap sand
Hard stabilization parallel to the coast:
Breakwaters—built beyond the surf zone
Seawalls—built to armor the coast

23. Shoreline Hardening: Groin

24. Shoreline Hardening: Groin

25. Shoreline Hardening: Jetty
                                          

26. Shoreline Hardening: Breakwater
                                          
Magic Island is a peninsula shooting off from Ala Moana Park. The beach is protected by a man-made breakwater that cuts off the action of the surf while allowing enough water circulation to keep the salt water fresh and clean.

27. Shoreline Hardening: Seawall
                                    
                                          
Waikiki Beach from the Halekulani Hotel.