1. Scientific Revolution
AIM: How did the scientific revolution change how people understood their world?

2. DO NOW: Finding the Truth - How do you know what you know
DO NOW: Finding the Truth - How do you know what you know? The word science comes from the latin root scientia, meaning knowledge. But where does the knowledge that makes up science come from? How do you ever really know that something is true? Directions: Explain how you know that things about the natural world are true. (See example)
Something I know
How I know it’s true
Example: I’m allergic to peanuts
I know this because once I ate peanut butter and I had an allergic reaction
Fire is hot
Sunscreen prevents sunburns

3. How did people view the world during Medieval times?

4. What caused the Scientific Revolution?
Similar ideas that sparked the Renaissance would spark the Scientific Revolution. Ideas were spread and people started focusing more on the real world.
Ideas were passed between Golden Ages, each time advancing
Discoveries from all over the world spread quickly because of trade and the printing press

5. Galen “Muscle Man” (131-201) Rome
Galen was a Greek physician who learned about anatomy through dissection of apes and pigs, clinical observation, and examinations of patients and symptoms. He was forbidden to dissect human corpses so his knowledge was limited to what he could learn from animals and outward examinations

6. Andreas Vesalius “De Humani Corporis” 1514-1564 Western Europe
He was a Renaissance physician who went to medidcal school where it was required for students to study the medical advances made by Arab doctors like Mansur. In addition, he did his own dissections of human corpses, something Galen was not able to do. Through dissections, he created more accurate and detailed depictions of the human body than had ever been written.

7. Nicholaus Copernicus
Copernicus proposed a heliocentric, sun centered model of the solar system. Copernicus’ theory suggested that Ptolemy was wrong. He based his theory on his studies of the movement of earth, the planets, the moon, and the sun.
How and why did theories about the solar system change over time?
Ptolemy’s Almagest
(150) Egypt
Ptolemy was an Egyptian astronomer of Greek descent. He published a book about the relationships between the earth, sun, planets, and stars. He believed in a geocentric theory – that Earth was in the center and the sun and planets moved around it. It was the leading theory for fifteen hundred years.

8. Nicholas Copernicus
How did their work change how people understood their world?
Before 1500, people looked to religion or the writings of ancient people to find out the truth about the world. If the Roman Catholic Church said that the Earth was the center of the universe, then people generally believed it and didn’t challenge these beliefs. Beginning in the 1500s, a few scholars were influenced by Copernicus and began publishing works that challenged the ideas of ancient thinkers and the church. This period was called the Scientific Revolution and it was a new way of thinking about the natural world. This new way was based on careful observation and questioning accepted beliefs.

9. Galileo
With his telescope, Galileo was able to confirm Copernicus’s theory. He was also able to see the moons of Jupiter, Saturn’s rings, and the Milky Way. It was believed for centuries that the moon and stars were made of a perfect, pure substance. Galileo was able to see that the moon in fact had an uneven, mountainous, and rocky surface.
The Church warned Galileo not to defend the theories of Copernicus, but he continued his studies. After publishing his work “Dialogue Concerning the Two World Systems”, the Pope angrily summoned Galileo to Rome for an Inquisition (a trial). Galileo was charged with questioning the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. He was found guilty of heresy.

10. If you were Galileo, what would you do
If you were Galileo, what would you do? If I was Galileo I would… (circle one)
Take back everything I said. Admit the Church is the supreme law of the land and whatever they say is correct. Discontinue your research of the universe.
Stick to my beliefs no matter what the Church says. Even if it means dying a horrible, painful death with my family disgraced.
Take back everything I said but secretly continue to do my research of the universe.

12. Sir Francis Bacon
Sir Francis Bacon agreed with medieval thinkers that humans made errors in what their five senses perceived, he also realized that people's sensory experiences provided the best means of making sense of the world. Because humans could incorrectly interpret anything they saw, heard, smelled, tasted, or felt, Bacon insisted that they must doubt everything before assuming its truth. In order to test potential truths, or hypotheses, Bacon devised a method whereby scientists set up experiments to manipulate nature, and attempt to prove their hypotheses wrong. Knowing that many different causes for sickness might be missed by humans who are unable or unwilling to perceive them, Bacon insisted that experiments must be consistently repeated before truth can be known: a scientist must show that patients exposed to a specific variable more frequently got sick again, and again, and again.

14. Isaac Newton
By age 24, Newton had formed a brilliant theory to explain why the planets moved at they did – in the next 20 years, he perfected his theory. Using mathematics, he showed that a single force keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun. He called this force gravity. In 1687, Newton published a book explaining the law of gravity and other workings of the universe. Nature, argued Newton, follows uniform laws. All motion in the universe can be measured and described mathematically

15. Choose a leader from the Scientific Revolution and explain why he was REVOLUTIONARY. Use the following criteria:
Give context for the scientific revolution
Explain the contribution left by this scientist
Evaluate the extent to which this contribution was REVOLUTIONARY and explain why (explain the impact this contribution had on society and the way people thought)