1. Product Specifications
Chapter 5
EIN 6392, summer 2012
Product Design for Manufacturability and Automation
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2. Product Design and Development Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger
1. Introduction
2. Development Processes and Organizations
3. Product Planning
4. Identifying Customer Needs
5. Product Specifications
6. Concept Generation
7. Concept Selection
8. Concept Testing
9. Product Architecture
10. Industrial Design
11. Design for Manufacturing
12. Prototyping
13. Product Development Economics
14. Managing Projects
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3. Concept Development Process
Mission
Statement
Development
Plan
Identify
Customer
Needs
Establish
Target
Specifications
Generate
Product
Concepts
Select
Product
Concept(s)
Test
Product
Concept(s)
Set Final
Specifications
Plan
Downstream
Development
Perform Economic Analysis
Benchmark Competitive Products
Build and Test Models and Prototypes
Target Specs
Based on customer needs and benchmarking
Final Specs
Based on selected concept, feasibility, models, testing, and trade-offs
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4. Outline Nature of specifications Spec vs. specs.
Target vs. refined specs.
Process for setting target specs
Process for setting final specs
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5. Spec vs. Specs A spec consists of a metric and a value
Specs is a set of specs.
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6. Target vs. refined specs
Target specs: the hopes and aspirations of the design (ideal and marginal)
Refined specs: trade-offs among different desired characteristics.
Intermediate specs
Final specs
It is in the project’s contract book
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7. Nature of Specifications
The reference point of the design
A reference for functionality design and quality planning
It may consist of a hierarchy of specs for the final product as well as its components
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8. Procedure for establishing target specifications
Identify a list of metrics and measurement units that sufficiently address the needs
Collect the competitive benchmarking information
Set ideal and marginal acceptable target values for each metric (at least, at most, between, exactly, etc.)
Reflect on the results and the process
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9. Process for setting the final specifications
Develop technical models to assess technical feasibility. The input is design variable and the output is metric.
Develop a cost model of the product.
Refine the specifications, marking the tradeoffs where necessary to form a competitive map.
“Flow down” the final overall specs to specs for each subsystem
Reflect on the results to see
If the product is a winner and/or
How much uncertainty there is in the technical and cost model.
If there is a need to develop a better technical model.
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10. Product Specifications Example: Mountain Bike Suspension Fork
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11. Start with the Customer Needs
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12. Establish Metrics and Units
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13. Link Metrics to Needs
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14. Benchmark on Customer Needs
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15. Benchmark on Metrics
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16. Assign Marginal and Ideal Values
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17. Concept Development Process
Mission
Statement
Development
Plan
Identify
Customer
Needs
Establish
Target
Specifications
Generate
Product
Concepts
Select
Product
Concept(s)
Test
Product
Concept(s)
Set Final
Specifications
Plan
Downstream
Development
Perform Economic Analysis
Benchmark Competitive Products
Build and Test Models and Prototypes
Target Specs
Based on customer needs and benchmarking
Final Specs
Based on selected concept, feasibility, models, testing, and trade-offs
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18. Perceptual Mapping Exercise
Chocolate
Crunch
Opportunity?
KitKat
Nestlé
Crunch
Hershey’s
w/ Almonds
Hershey’s
Milk Chocolate
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19. Specification Trade-offs
Trade-off Curves for Three Concepts
Estimated Manufacturing Cost ($)
Score on Monster (Gs)
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20. Set Final Specifications
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21. Quality Function Deployment (House of Quality)
technical
correlations
relative
importance
engineering
metrics
customer
needs
benchmarking on needs
relationships between
customer needs and
engineering metrics
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target and final specs

22. Chapter 5 HW The pen writes smoothly. Metrics Exercise: Ball Point Pen
Write down 5 possible metrics for the customer need:
The pen writes smoothly.
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