1. Present Middle/Passive Indicative (Chapter 18)
Greek I
Present Middle/Passive Indicative
(Chapter 18)

2. Exegetical Insight – The Divine Passive
One of the ways that the passive voice is used is called the divine passive.
This is when God is the obvious agent of the action, without His being explicitly named.
maka,rioi oi` penqou/ntej( o[ti auvtoi. paraklhqh,sontaiÅ
~Umei/j ga.r evpV evleuqeri,a| evklh,qhte( avdelfoi,\
th/| ga.r ca,riti, evste sesw|sme,noi dia. pi,stewj\
te,knon( avfi,entai, sou ai` a`marti,aiÅ

3. Overview of this Lesson
In this lesson we will learn:
the passive voice, in which the subject receives the action of the verb;
that the present middle/passive is formed by joining the present tense stem, connecting vowel, and primary middle/passive endings;
that in the present tense, the middle and passive are identical in form.

4. English
Voice – the relationship of the subject to the action of the verb.
Active – the subject performs the action, e.g. “I hit the ball.”
Passive – the subject receives the action of the verb, e.g., “I was hit by the ball.”
See the full chart of English tenses in the Appendix, p. 353.

5. Greek: Present Passive Indicative

6. Master Personal Ending Chart

7. Present Middle Indicative

8. Present Middle/Passive Forms of Contract Verbs

9. For Next Week Vocab quiz from chapter 18. Workbook Exercise #18.
Read chapter 19 on Future Active/Middle Indicative, pp