1. Language…
Chapter 5 – Key Issue 1

2. The Hyper-Polyglot What’s the value in speaking multiple languages?
What three would you add to your repertoire and why?

3. The Unseen Value of Language
Alan Yu - How Language Seems To Shape One's View Of The World
Reading
Keith Chen – Could Your Language Affect Your Ability to Save
Video

4. What is Language…
Language is a system of communication through speech, a collection of sounds that a group of people understands to have the same meaning.
Literary tradition refers to a system of written communication.
Many, not all, countries designate at least one official language to be used for official documents and public objects—e.g., road signs and money.
Do we?
Language is not only the words themselves, but how we use them. Grammar, Structure, Slang… are all a part of language
Languages are interconnected AND unique (Until 6:21)

5. Investigate – Create This Chart In Your Notes
English
Spanish
French
Italian
German
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
English
Swedish
Norwegian
Dutch
Finnish
One
Two
Three
Four
Five

6. Investigate – Create This Chart In Your Notes
English
Spanish
French
Italian
German
One
Uno Un
Eins
Two
Dos
Deux
Due
Zwei
Three
Tres
Trois
Tre
Drei
Four
Cuatro
Quatre
Quattro
Vier
Five
Cinco
Cinq
Cinque
Funf
English
Swedish
Norwegian
Dutch
Finnish
One
Ett En
Ayne
Yski
Two
Två To
Tway
Kaski
Three
Tre
Dree
Kolme
Four
Fyra
Fire
Fiehr
Nejä
Five
Fem
Fam
Faihf
Viisi

7. A Case Study - Scandinavia

9. World’s languages organized into:
Language Families: collection of languages related through a common ancestral language
Language Branches: collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language. Differences are not as significant or as old as between families.
Language Groups: collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display similar grammar and vocabulary.

10. The Language Tree The two largest language families are… Indo-European
Predominate language family in Europe, South Asia, North America and Latin America.
Sino-Tibetan
Encompasses languages spoken in the People’s Republic of China and several smaller countries in Southeast Asia.
No single Chinese language
Mandarin is the most-used language in the world and the official language of both the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan.

11. Language Family Distribution
Indo-European
Sino-Tibetan
Austronesian
Afro-Asiatic
Niger-Congo
Dravidian
Japanese
Altaic
You Tell Me…
Mandarin
Tagalog
Berber, Arabic
Xhosa, Yoruba
Tamil, Telugu
Turkish, Uzbek

12. Map Work Connecting Language Family to Location
Identify all of the locations where an Indo-European Language is a primary/prevalent/official language.

13. Language Facts There are 12 Conlangs in Lord of The Rings.
There are 24 working languages of the EU.
There are 6 official UN languages.
The bible is available in languages.
The oldest written language was believed to be written in about BC.
South Africa has 11 official languages – the most for a single country.
The pope tweets in 9 languages.
The US has no official language.
You can use an ATM in Latin in Vatican City.
There are about 7,000 languages in the world.
There are 50,000 characters in the Chinese language. You’ll need to know about 2,000 to read a newspaper.
12.44% of the world’s population speaks Mandarin as their first language.
There are about 2,200 languages in Asia.
50% of educational time in Luxembourg devoted to learning English, German, and French.
There are 2,400 languages classified as being ‘endangered’.
231 languages are now completely extinct.
Eastern Siberia, Northwest Pacific Plateau of North America, Central South American rainforests, And Northern Australia are hotspots for endangered languages.

14. Classification of Languages
2/3 of the world’s population speak a language that belongs to the Indo-European or Sino-Tibetan language family.
2 to 6 percent of the world’s population speak a language that fits into one of seven other language families.
Remainder of population speaks a language belonging to one of 100 smaller families.

15. Other Asian Language Families
Several other language families spoken by large numbers of people in East and Southeast Asia.
Isolation on islands and peninsulas contributed to overall independent development.
Austronesian
Austro-Asiatic
Tai Kadai
Japanese
Korean

16. Languages of Southwest Asia and North Africa and Central Asia
Two largest language families are…
Afro-Asiatic
Arabic is major language.
Official language in 24 countries of S.W. Asia and North Africa
One of the six official languages in U.N.
Altaic
Altaic language with most speakers is Turkish.
Altaic language became official language of several countries that gained independence when Soviet Union broke up—e.g., Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan.

17. African Language Families
More than 1,000 distinct languages have been documented.
Several thousand dialects recognized.
Most lack a written tradition.
Niger-Congo
Swahili
First language of 800,000 people
Official language of Tanzania
Spoken by 30 million Africans
Language used to speak with outsiders from different villages

18. Distribution of Indo-European Branches
Four most widely spoken branches
Germanic branch
Spoken primarily in northwestern Europe and North America
Divides into High and Low Germanic subgroups
English is classified in the Low Germanic group
Indo-Iranian branch
Spoken primarily in South Asia
Most speakers of the language branch
Subdivided into eastern group (Indic) and western group (Iranian)