1. Bio 9C: Thursday, 2.10.11 Title: The Cell Cycle & Mitosis Investigation
Homework:
Review in your textbooks. Pay close attention to the stages of Mitosis.
Pass DNA Modeling Lab to the Left
Do Now:
Put the following in order from largest to smallest:
Gene
Chromosome
Nucleotide
DNA
Today’s Objectives:
Describe the structure of a chromosome.
Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

2. The Cell Cycle & mitosis
PHA Biology 9
Moretti/ Dickson

3. Chromosome Review
Chromosomes: DNA tightly coiled around little protein balls (histones) to make it very compact
Chromosomes unraveling into DNA
Nucleotide Base Pairs
DNA
Gene: Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait
Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait

4. Chromosome Review Contain DNA Number varies with organism: Humans: 46
Cats: 32
Dogs: 72
Note: Page 341 in Textbook has a good picture of karyotype
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of a chromosome.
Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

5. The Cell Cycle: Overview
One cell grows and divides into two new cells
Purpose:
Growth
Replace dead cells
Repair tissues after injury
Asexual reproduction (in single-celled organisms)
Amoeba reproducing

6. Major Steps of the Cell Cycle
Interphase: growth; copying of chromosomes & organelles
G1 phase: Cell grows
S phase: DNA replicates
G2 phase: More growth;
cell prepares to divide
M-Phase:
Mitosis Chromosomes separate
to form two new nuclei
Cytokinesis: Cell splits to form two new identical cells
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of a chromosome.
Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

7. What do you notice about the chromosomes in G1 versus G2?
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of a chromosome.
Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

8. Chromosome Replication During the Cell Cycle
G1 Phase:
Chromosomes are un-replicated - each contains one copy of its DNA
G2 Phase:
Chromosomes are replicated - each contains two exact copies of its DNA
Un-Replicated Chromosome
Replicated Chromosome
S Phase:
DNA Replication creates replicated chromosomes
Centromere – a small spot in the center of a chromosome
Centromere
Sister Chromatids
– two halves of a replicated chromosome
– exact copies of each other
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of a chromosome.
Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

9. More Images of Chromosome Replication
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of a chromosome.
Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

10. Why do Chromosomes Replicate?
So they can split during mitosis and separate into two new cells
Each cell gets an exact copy of each chromosome!
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of a chromosome.
Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

11. Mitosis Investigations – Period 1

12. Mitosis Investigations
Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards Activity
Working in Pairs, match the picture of the stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture.
Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation
Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis
Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells in different stages of mitosis.
Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe Cleaner Simulation
Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.
Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

13. Bio 9C: Friday, 2.11.10 Title: Stages of Mitosis Investigation Period 2
Homework:
Complete the Investigation II Discussion Questions by Monday
Do Now:
Pick up where you left off during yesterday’s investigation of Mitosis. If you weren’t here, start with Investigation I.
Today’s Objectives:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells

14. Mitosis Investigations
Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards Activity
Working in Pairs, match the picture of the stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture.
Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation
Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis
Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells in different stages of mitosis.
Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe Cleaner Simulation
Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.
Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

15. Bio 9C: Monday, 2.14.11 Title: Stages of Mitosis Investigations – Per3
Homework:
Complete the Investigation II Discussion Questions
Do Now:
1. For each cell shown below: How many chromosomes are there? Are they un-replicated or replicated?
a) b) c)
2. Why is it important for chromosomes to replicate during the cell cycle?
Today’s Objectives:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells

16. Mitosis Investigations
Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards Activity
Working in Pairs, match the picture of the stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture.
Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation
Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis
Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells in different stages of mitosis.
Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe Cleaner Simulation
Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.
Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

17. Bio 9C: Tuesday, 2.15.11 Title: Stages of Mitosis Review
Homework:
Study for tomorrow’s quiz – see assignment sheet for review
Do Now:
Next Slide…
Today’s Objectives:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells

18. Short Activity: Plant Cells in Mitosis Can you identify the different stages?
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

19. Mitosis Whole-Class Review

20. M-Phase: Mitotic Division
Mitosis:
Chromosomes separate to form two new nuclei
Cytokinesis:
Cell splits to form two new identical cells
Objectives for Class:
Describe the purpose and steps of mitosis and cytokinesis.
Draw diagrams showing how mitosis/cytokinesis separate chromosomes into two new cells. .

21. Stages of Mitosis Step 1: Prophase Step 3: Anaphase Step 2: Metaphase
Step 4: Telophase

22. Cell Division in Mitosis
Animal Cell Mitosis under the Microscope:
12_06AnimalMitosis_SV.mpg
Stages of Mitosis Video:
Mitosis.mpg

23. Interphase Animal Cell Plant Cells
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

24. Mitosis Stages: Prophase
Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)
Spindle fibers form between the ends (poles) of cell.
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

25. Mitosis Stages: Metaphase
Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
Spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids, as they prepare to pull them apart
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

26. Mitosis Stages: Anaphase
Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

27. Mitosis Stages: Telophase
Two new nuclei form
Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods)
Mitosis ENDS
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

28. Cytokinesis
Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

29. Stages of Mitosis
Objectives for Class:
Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

30. Mitosis Individual Review Time

31. Quiz Review: DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle
Diagram and describe the structure of DNA and…
Label the following parts:
deoxyribose sugar
phosphate
nitrogenous bases
hydrogen bonds.
Show proper pairing between nitrogenous bases.
Define each of the following terms and explain how they all relate to each other:
DNA
Genes
Chromosomes
Nucleotides
Describe the steps of DNA replication.
Diagram and describe the structure of a chromosome.
Draw a chromosome and label the centromere and sister chromatids.
Distinguish between un-replicated and replicated chromosomes.
Explain the purpose and overall result of the cell cycle.
Describe what happens in each step of the cell cycle:
Interphase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Draw and/or label a diagram of mitosis.

32. Bio 9C: Wednesday, 2.16.11 Title: Quiz – DNA Structure Replication and the Cell Cycle
Homework:
Read pages in the textbook. Take active reading notes to answer the following questions:
How is RNA different from DNA?
What are the functions of the 3 different types of RNA?
What happens during transcription?
Do Now:
Clear your desks and get ready for the quiz
Today’s Objectives:
Demonstrate knowledge of DNA and the Cell Cycle on a quiz

33. Quiz: DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle
No talking
If you have a question or need something from your bag, please raise your hand and ask permission
When done, please put your quiz face down on the kidney table in the appropriate pile (version A or version B).
Read pages in the textbook. Take active reading notes to answer the following questions:
How is RNA different from DNA?
What are the functions of the 3 different types of RNA?
What happens during transcription?

34. Transition to RNA Structure and Function PowerPoint
..\RNA, Transcription, Translation\PHA_Bio9_RNA_9C.pptx