1. Cell Theory
In 1665, British scientist, Robert Hooke observed that living things contain empty room-like compartments that he called “cells”.
In 1864, Louis Pasteur proved that new living things can come only from other living things of the same type.

2. Cell Structure

3. Cell Structure
Cells are filled with smaller structures called organelles that work together so the cell functions
Different types of cells have different types of organelles, but some organelles can be found in all cells.
Organelles take up bout 5-30 % of the cell. The rest of the cell consists of water.

4. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Newo Colony Activity
An analogy is a way to understand new ideas by making a comparison.
A factory can be used as an analogy for the cell.
Parts of the cell that allow the cell to survive are called organelles.
Organelles take up about 5 to 30 percent of the cell. The rest of the cell consists of water.
How is the Newo colony similar to a factory?
See pages
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

5. Cell Membrane = Gate Keeper
The cell membrane protects the cell and regulates the movement of particles in and out of the cell. Cell Membrane is Selectively Permeable. 
In the Newo colony the cell membrane would be like the protection dome, controlling movement of materials in and out of the colony through the entry and exit gate.
See page 25

6. Cytoplasm = Environment
Cytoplasm, the jelly-like substance within the cell, contains organelles, water, and other life supporting materials.
The liquid in which the NEWO colony lives.

7. Nucleus = Control Center
Nucleus controls all the activities within the cell.
Contains our genetic material (DNA).
DNA contains the instructions for the development and function of living things
DNA exists in the form of chromatin, which
condenses into chromosomes just before a cell is ready to divide. 

8. Inside the Nucleus A nucleus also contains a nucleolus
Nucleolus is a structure inside the nucleus that forms incomplete ribosomes.

9. Ribosomes = Production of Building Blocks
Ribosomes assemble proteins that are essential for all life.
May be free in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

10. Mitochondria = Power House
The mitochondria are the organelles that produce energy for the cell.
This process is Cellular Respiration. 

11. Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the process of taking in nutrients, breaking them down, and creating energy rich molecules (ATP) for the cell. 

12. Ameoba Sisters Video on Cellular Respiration

13. Organelles for Assembly, Transport, and Storage
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum = transport
Proteins made by the ribosomes then pass through the endoplasmic reticulum, the network of membrane-covered channels that transport materials throughout the cell.
ER works closely with the Golgi bodies and ribosomes.
Rough ER is found throughout the cell but the density is higher near the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus. Ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum are called 'membrane bound' and are responsible for the assembly of many proteins. This process is called translation.

15. Smooth ER
Smooth ER is important in the creation and storage of lipids (fats) and steroids. 
Cells in your body that release oils also have more SER than most cells. 

16. Rough ER
Rough ER is found throughout the cell but mostly near the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus. 
Rough ER (RER) is involved in some protein production, protein folding, quality control and dispatch. 
Attaches sugars to proteins
Packages proteins in vesicles which go to the Golgi Apparatus
It is called ‘rough’ because it is studded with ribosomes
Protein molecules are synthesized and collected in the cisternal space/lumen. When enough proteins have been synthesized, they collect and are pinched off in vesicles. The vesicles often move to the Golgi apparatus for additional protein packaging and distribution. 

17. Golgi Body = Post Office
 Another packaging organelle resembling ER, looks like a series of membranes shaped like pancakes.
Receives proteins from the ER
Proteins are sorted then repackaged into vesicles to be moved within the cell or to the outside.
Vesicles  are small membrane-wrapped packages that carry proteins, nutrients and water around the cell.

18. Organelles work together

19. Vacuoles = Storage
Vacuoles are temporary storage compartments that sometimes store waste. 

20. Plant cells usually have one large central vacuole for storing water.
Plants can’t move to get water, need to store it when it comes.

21. Lysosomes = Garbage Disposal
Lysosomes are specialized vesicles that contain enzymes that digest (break down) food particles, cell wastes, and worn-out organelles. 

22. Chloroplast = Energy Maker
Only found in plants

23. Chloroplast = Energy Maker
change the Sun’s energy into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.

24. Cell Wall = Structure and Support
tough, rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane
protects the cell and gives cell shape

25. Amoeba Sisters video on Photosynthesis

26. Different cells have different functions
What organelle(s) might a cell have more of if it produced a lot of proteins?
What organelle(s) might a cell have more of if it job was all about secretion?
Cell that require a lot of energy might have more of which organelle?
Cells that require lots of proteins may have more ribosomes and ER.
Cells that secrete a lot may have more Golgi bodies
Cells that require a lot of energy may have more mitochondria.

27. Difference between Plant and Animals Cells

28. Compare photosynthesis and cellular respirationWS

30. Assignment: 3D model of a cell
Using recycled materials from around the home, create a 3 dimensional model of a plant or animal cell
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
nucleolus
nuclear membrane
chromatin
mitochondrion
endoplasmic reticulum
chloroplast
vacuole
ribosome 
ribosome

31. 3D model of cell must include:
Title (plant or animal), your names, block
Include all parts listed
All parts must be labeled or use a legend
Brief description of function of each organelle
Each type of organelle must look different from the others