2. BrainPOP
Periodic Table

3. The elements in a family or group in the periodic table often, but not always, share similar properties.
The properties are the same because the elements have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level.

4. Atoms in these elements take, give, or share electrons with other atoms in order to fill the outer valence shell. They do this to form a compound with another element.

5. Electrons in outer level: 1
Don’t match the properties of any groups
Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own.
Most abundant element in the universe
Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas.
Hydrogen reacts violently with oxygen. The hot water vapor that forms as a result pushed the space shuttle into orbit.
Placed above the group 1 elements because it has only 1 electron in it’s valance shell and can give one away
Properties are more like atoms of alkali metals
Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg.
Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for cars

6. Electrons in outer level: 1
1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen.
Most often found in compounds
Soft, silver-colored, shiny, low density
are soft enough to be cut with a knife
the densities of some elements are less than water
Most reactive of the metals
easily give away the single electron from the valence shell
React violently with water (Stored in oil to prevent reacting with water and oxygen in the atmosphere)

7. Electrons in outer level: 2
Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2)
Still reactive but not as reactive as Group 1 because they have 2 electrons to give away in the valence shell
Typically found in compounds such as calcium in chalk, plaster, cement, and of course, humans!

8. Properties vary widely
The atoms of the transition metals do not give away their electrons as easily as in Groups 1 and 2 so they are less reactive.
Properties: shiny, good conductors of thermal energy and electric current, higher densities and melting points
Transition Metals
(yellow)

9. These bottom two rows from Periods 6 and 7on the periodic table are placed at the bottom to keep the table from being too wide
Lanthanides
Actinides

10. Named lanthanides because they follow the element lanthanum
Shiny, reactive metals
Some are used to make different types of steel
Lanthanides

11. Actinides follow the element actinium
All are radioactive, which means they are unstable
Atoms from a radioactive element can change into atoms of a different element
Elements after plutonium (94) do not occur in nature
Actinides

12. Electrons in outer level: 3
Group contains 1 metalloid and 4 metals
Reactive
Solid at room temperature
Most common element is Al (aluminum)
Al is most abundant metal in Earth’s crust
1880’s Al more valuable than gold

13. Electrons in outer level: 4
Group contains 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, and 2 metals
Reactivity varies among the elements
Solid at room temp
2 metalloids in this group make computer chips
Diamonds and soot are both natural forms of carbon!

14. Electrons in outer level: 5
Group contains 2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, and 1 metal
Reactivity varies among the elements
All but nitrogen are solid at room temperature; nitrogen is a gas at room temp
Nitrogen non reactive, phosphorous extremely reactive and only found combined with other elements in nature

15. Electrons in outer level: 6
Group contains 3 nonmetals, 1 metalloid, and 1 metal.
All but oxygen are solid at room temperature
Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)
Reactive

16. Group 17: Most reactive nonmetals
Group 18: Least reactive nonmetals; normally won’t react with other elements

17. Electrons in outer level: 7
Contains only nonmetals
Very reactive because they need to gain only 1 electron to complete valance
Poor conductors of electric current
React violently with alkali metals to form salts
Never found uncombined in nature and combine readily with other atoms, esp metals
Physical properties of atoms in this group are different

18. Electrons in outer level: 8 (2 for helium) Contains nonmetals only 18
Electrons in outer level: 8 (2 for helium)
Contains nonmetals only
Unreactive under normal conditions
Colorless, odorless gases at room temp
All are found in Earth’s atmosphere in small amounts
Argon is the most abundant noble gas