1. Hur klarar infrastrukturen?
Nordic Rail
2015
Hamid Zarghampour
Strateg

2. Gothenburg in 1645

3. Gothenburg in the late 1800's

4. London in the late 1800's

5. Engineers in the late 1800's

6. Cities started to emerge ….. (Cars as the norm for designing cities)

7. Economic growth…… and some negative impacts
Safety
about 1.2 million traffic fatalities per year, globally
Capacity
Congestion due to the extensive urbanization (continues)
Environment
about 18% of CO2 emissions from the road transport system, globally x

8. Global Megatrends Continued urbanisation Growing number of megacities
Air quality major health issue
Traffic casualties huge global health problem
Congestions – economic and personal losses
Desire for constant connectivity
Desire for individual mobility
Transition to sustainable fuels/energy

9. Self-Driving Cars-Science Fiction?
GM projection of the future from the 50s.

10. Possibilities from Technical Developments
The development of active safety systems have created cars that can:
Sense the surroundings and brake automatically
Communicate and transfer useful traffic information
Adapt the speed
Keep a distance
Follow a lane
Can measure the state of the driver

11. New Generations – New Challenges
Young people grow up used to be constantly connected.
Mobility in the future will require connectivity.
How to combine individual mobility and connectivity?

12. DriveMe Project
The worlds first large scale project for self-driving cars
Project started 2014
Self-driving cars on public roads in 2017
100 customer cars
50 km highway/ max speed kmh
Automatic parking in 2015

13. The Technology Cameras Radars Lasers Map data Cloud connection
Traffic Control Centre

14. Focus Areas
Societal and economical benefits: improving traffic efficiency, traffic environment and road safety
Infrastructure aspects
Suitable traffic situations
Customer expectations on autonomous vehicles
How surrounding road users interact with a self-driving car
Legal and liability aspects
Cameras
Radars
Lasers
Map data
Cloud connection
Traffic Control Centre

15. Parked cars uses 25% of the available space in 98% of the time
Ytan kritisk faktor
- ex vis idag 25% parkerad bil av vägutrummet och står still 98% av tiden
- Omfördelning av gatans rum har påbörjats
- Hur man använder ytan blir ett kvalitetsmått.

16. Automatic Parking More optimized use of urban space.
Improved personal security.
Densification of urban areas:
Accessibility to residential areas.
Parking away from residential areas.
’Brownfields’ used for parking garages.

17. Infrastructure Potentials
AD vehicles: large potential savings in infrastructure investments:
Less crashes – fewer disturbances
Connected self-driving vehicles:
Improved traffic flow
Narrow gaps – higher density
Guided vehicles:
more narrow lanes – additional lanes on existing roads
Special by-passes for AD vehicles:
Adapted and more lean
Trv/ Volvo research project on road magnets.
Additional lanes on existing roads.

18. Autonomous Driving – Car Sharing
Self-rearranging AD vehicles for car sharing:
Will come to you when you need it and you leave it to take care of itself when you arrive.

19. Safety Technologies
Automatic braking for more objects
Automatic braking in darkness
V2V and V2I communication
Road edge and barrier steer assist
Distance and steering assist
Auto brake in intersections
Systems will continue to avoid or mitigate crashes regardless of being in AD mode or development of AD.

20. Liabilities Who is liable for crashes when the car is in control?
Civil liabilities (economic compensation):
- Matter for insurance companies
- May be rebutted to manufacturer
Criminal liabilities:
- According to many national laws the driver is always in charge.
- Is the driver liable even if not in control and no intent to harm?