2. ALLOTROPES OF CARBON

3. Definition of Allotropes
Two or more than two forms of an element having different physical properties but same chemical properties are known as allotropes of an element. Such condition of elements is known as Allotropy.

4. Allotropes of Carbon The element Carbon has two different forms:
Diamond
Graphite

5. Both Diamond and Graphite are formed by Carbon atoms
Both Diamond and Graphite are formed by Carbon atoms. The difference lies in the manner in which the Carbon atoms are bonded to one another.

6. STRUCTURE OF DIAMOND
In Diamond, each Carbon atom is bonded to four other Carbon atoms by forming a rigid Three Dimensional structure.

8. STRUCTURE OF GRAPHITE
In Graphite, each Carbon atom is bonded to three other Carbon atoms in the same plane giving a Hexagonal Array. One of these bonds is a Double Covalent Bond and thus the Valency of Carbon is satisfied. Graphite structure is formed by the Hexagonal Array being placed in layers one above the another.

10. Difference between Physical Properties of Diamond and Graphite
Diamond is the hardest substance while Graphite is smooth and slippery.
Diamond is a bad conductor of electricity while Graphite is good conductor of electricity.
Density of Diamond is more than Density of Graphite.

11. Synthesized or Artificial Diamonds
Diamond can be synthesized by subjecting pure Carbon to high pressure and temperature. These synthetizes diamonds are small but are otherwise indistinguishable from natural diamonds.

12. Fullerenes It is another class of Carbon of Carbon- allotropes.
The first one to be identified was C-60.
In this, Carbon atoms are arranged in the shape of a football.

14. Since they look like Geodesic Dome designed by the US architect Buckminister Fuller, the molecule was named Fullerene.

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