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World War I.

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1 World War I

2 Triple Alliance Germany (1.9 mil) Austria-Hungary (450,000) Italy

3 Triple Entente France (1.3 Mil) Britain (150,000) Russia (1.4 Mil)
Entente- a nonbinding agreement to follow common policies

4 Rivalries and Nationalism Increase Tension
France and Germany build up army and navy *Militarism- glorification of the military Arms race between nations *Aggressive Nationalism

5 The Powder Keg Ignites *Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary Sarajevo Black Hand, Serbian Terrorist group *Ultimatum- final set of demands 7/28/1914 Austria Declares war on Serbia

6 Alliances Kick In *Mobilize- prepare its military forces for war
Russia moves to protect Serbia Germany declares war on Russia France helps Russia Germany Declares War of France Germany tried to invade France through Belgium (*Schlieffen Plan) Britain declares war on Germany

7 A New Kind of War *Trench Warfare (*western Front)
Stalemate-deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other

8 Technology of Modern Warfare
Machine gun Long-range Artillery Shrapnel- flying debris from artillery shells Could fire 10 miles away *Poison Gas (blinded, choked, burns and blisters, even fatal) Winds made it uncertain Gas masks used

9 Technology of Modern Warfare
Gasoline-powered engine *Tanks Airplanes *Submarines *Flamethrowers First tanks broke down

10 Technology of Modern Warfare
Planes observe, before getting machine guns “flying aces” “dogfights” Had little effect on the ground Zeppelins –gas filled balloons

11 Technology of Modern Warfare
*U-boats (submarines) Germans *Did huge damage sunk merchant Convoys- groups of merchant ships protected by warships

12 Battles on Other European fronts
No Trenches Casualties higher Russia poorly equipped Battle in the Balkans

13 War Around the World Ottoman Empire Joins central powers
Cut off supply lines to Russia Lawrence of Arabia War in the colonies

14 Waging Total War *Total War- the channeling of a nation’s entire resources into the was effort Conscription-”the draft” Forced civilian labor Wartime blockade Contraband-military supplies and raw materials needed to make military supplies, but not items such as food and clothing

15 Waging Total War Sinking of the Lusitania (1,200 dead, 128 Americans)
*Propaganda-spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause Control public opinion *Atrocities- horrible acts against innocent people Women worked fields, industry , and manufacturing

16 Morale Collapses Germany sending 15yr old recruits
Britain Brink of Bankruptcy Casualties, food shortages Bread riots in Russia Russia and Lenin Pull out of War

17 United States Declares War
*Isolationism- to stay out of the conflict entirely Join allies due to cultural ties *Zimmermann note April 1917 declared war “war to end all wars” 2 million troops Doughboys Financial aid

18 United States Declares War
Fourteen Points (freedom of the seas, free trade, large-scale reduction of arms, and end to secret treaties) Self-determination- right of people to choose their own form of government “general association of Nations”

19 Victory at Last Germans launch huge offensive Allies counter offensive
Germans cant win Armistice- agreement to end fighting War end 11/11/ AM *Reparations- payment for war damages

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