1. Dr Robert B. Mbelwa MD (dar) Msc Physiology (Makerere)
Reproduction System
Dr Robert B. Mbelwa
MD (dar)
Msc Physiology (Makerere)

2. Definition of terms
Sexual reproduction:-Is a physiological process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms in a process that start with meiosis, a specialized type of cell division
Reproductive system:- is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the sake of sexual reproduction

3. Function Is not for homeostasis of the individual
A person can survive indefinitely without a reproductive system
Is for continuation of the species
i.e continuation of genes beyond the lifespan of a single individual

4. Organization of reproductive system
Comprises of
Primary reproductive organs (gonads)
Secondary reproductive tracts
External genitalia

5. Ctd - General Reproductive System Organization
Primary Reproductive Organs (Gonads)
Testes (male) and Ovaries (female)
Whose main functions are to
Produce gametes
Sperm and Ova
Produce and secrete sex steroid hormones
testosterone, estrogen and progesterone
responsible for gamete development, development of reproductive tract and secondary sex characteristics

6. General Reproductive System Organization
B. Secondary Reproductive Organs
Reproductive tract
tube connecting gametes to external environment
accessory sex glands
Produce supportive secretions
C. External Genitalia
visible portions of reproductive tract
sexual stimulation

7. Male Reproductive System
Primary sex organs
Testis
Accessory organs
Duct system
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Urethra
Glands
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Bulbourethral
Penis

8. Purpose of Male reproductive system
To produce, maintain and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and protective fluid (semen)
To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex
To produce and secrete male sex hormones responsible for maintaining the male reproductive system

9. External structures
Unlike the female reproductive system; most of the male reproductive system is located outside the body
This external structures include
The penis:- Male organ used in intercourse & urination:-
Scrotum:-contains testicles (testes) and act as climate control system for the testes
Testicles:-responsible for making testosterone & sperm generating

10. Testes
Sperm production
Secretion of testosterone
Interstitial cells

11. Internal organs of the male reproductive system (accessory organs)

12. Duct System Epididymis Vas deferens Urethra
Transport & Stores sperm until ejaculation
Mature and gain motility
Vas deferens
Peristaltic contractions propel /transport
mature sperm toward urethra
Terminates at ejaculatory duct
(seminal vesicle)
Urethra
Tube carrying urine from bladder to outside the body
Ejaculates semen during orgasm
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13. Glands Seminal Vesicles (seminal fluid) Prostate Bulbourethrals
Alkaline fluid
Fructose- energy for sperm movement
prostaglandins- assist in fertilization
Prostate
Fluid that helps to nourish the sperm
Sperm activating enzyme
Bulbourethrals
Clears ,slippery fluid which
Lubricates the urethra and neutralizes acidity
Sperm + glandular secretions = semen
2 – 5 ml, 110 million sperm per ml

14. Male external genitalia Penis
Copulatory organ in males
Erectile tissue
Corpora spongiosum
Corpora cavernosa

15. Female reproductive function
Same as in male
Gametogenesis
Hormone production
Copulatory organs
Nurture and develop embryo

16. Purpose Female reproductive
External female reproductive structures
Enable sperm to enter the body
Protect the internal genital organs from infectious organisms

17. Female reproductive function
Internal female
reproductive structures
Vagina
Uterus
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes

18. Female Reproductive System Internal structures
Primary Sex organ
Ovaries
Accessory Organs
Duct system
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina

19. Duct System Uterine tubes 2. Uterus 3. Vagina Receives oocytes
Site for fertilization
2. Uterus
Receive, nourish fertilized ovum
Site of embryological and fetal development
3. Vagina
Copulatory organ
Birth canal

20. Female Reproductive System
External genitalia
Mons pubis
Labia
vestibule
Greater vestibular gland
clitoris

21. The External Genitalia
External genitalia are collectively called the vulva or pudendum
mons pubis - mound of fat over pubic symphysis bearing most of the pubic hair
labia majora – pair of thick folds of skin and adipose tissue inferior to the mons
Enclose and protect other external reproductive organs
Contains sweat and oil secreting glands
labia minora – medial to labia majora are thin hairless folds
clitoris - erectile, sensory organ with no urinary role
primary center for erotic stimulation
vestibular bulbs - erectile tissue deep to the labia majora
cause the vagina to tighten around the penis, enhancing sexual stimulation
greater and lesser vestibular and paraurethral glands open into vestibule for lubrication

22. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENSION