1. Socialization

2. Twenty Statements
The list of answers to the question “Who Am I?” probably include examples of each of the following four types of responses:
“I’m tall, have blue eyes...etc.”
“I’m impulsive...I’m generous...I tend to worry a lot”
“I’m an athlete, musician etc.”
”I am spiritual being.”

3. Results…
A-mode - physical characteristics found on your driver’s license: “I am a blonde”; “I am short”; I am a NC resident.”
B-mode - socially defined statuses usually associated with group membership of some sort: “I am a college student”; “I am a Catholic”; I am an African American.”
C-mode - styles of behavior or emotional states: “I am a happy person”; “I am a country music fan”; “I am a fashionable dresser.”
D-mode - general than individual: “I am part of the universe”; “I am a human being.” Count the number of each type of response. Now compare the totals—which category got the most responses?

4. Results…
B-mode-base their self-concept on group membership and institutional roles
C-mode- see themselves as more independent, and define themselves according to their individual actions and emotions rather than their connections to others.
A-mode responses may feel that they have a “skin deep” self-concept, based more on their appearance to others than on their internal qualities.
D-mode responses are harder to categorize, and may feel uncertain about the source of their sense of self.

5. What is Socialization?
lifelong process in which people learn appropriate attitudes, values, and behaviors.

6. What is personality?
A person’s typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior.

7. Nature v. Nurture -Innate traits we are born with
Inherited genetic traits
Sex, body build, hair type, eye color, skin color
Aptitudes – capacity to learn particular skills or talents – being “naturally” talented at something
Aptitude for music or art
Instincts - unchanging, biologically inherited behavior patterns
Suckling, mating, hunger
All of these factors can affect your behaviors.

8. Nature v. Nurture Learned behavior
Parental characteristics
religion, education, economic status, cultural heritage, and occupation
Cultures and subcultures
Values and norms, Gender roles
Conditioning and learning
Pavlov’s dogs
All of these factors can influence our behaviors as well.

9. Agents of Socialization
Factors that allow socialization to take place

10. Agents of Socialization: Family
The most important agent of socialization because it stands at the center of children’s lives
Provides for basic needs, and teaches children skills, cultural values, and attitudes about themselves and others
Passes on to children a social position (places them in society in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, and class)
Deliberate and unintended socialization
Socializes children into gender roles

11. Agents of Socialization: Family
Research suggests:
nothing is more likely to produce a happy, well- adjusted child than being in a loving family.
class position of parents affects they raise their children.

12. Agents of Socialization: School
Teaches a wide range skills and curriculum that is stated and unstated
Stated – math, science, language, grammar, writing
Unstated - competition, values, fair play, gender roles, patriotism, citizenship, responsibility, working to a deadline
Dances, extracurricular activities socialization children for the larger world

13. Agents of Socialization: School
Schooling enlarges children’s social world to include people with social backgrounds different from their own
School is the child’s first experience with bureaucracy (hierarchy, fixed procedures)
Socializes children into gender roles

14. Agents of Socialization: Peer Groups
Provides children with the opportunity to escape direct supervision of parents and make their own identity.
Adler Study – Boys are made popular through athletics, coolness, and toughness. Girls are made popular through family background, physical appearance, and the ability to attract boys.
Gender roles

15. Agents of Socialization: Peer Groups
Shape themselves into the person they think the group wants them to be
Peers affect short-term interests but parents have greater long-term goals

16. Agents of Socialization: Mass Media
Impersonal – books, movies, TV, internet, magazines, newspapers,
28+ hours of TV/week
Violence
Mirrors our society’s patterns of inequality and rarely challenges the status quo
Reflects the values of the dominant culture

17. Resocialization
A break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms
Military boot camps, prison, monasteries, psychiatric hospitals, etc
Stripping away of individual identity
Uniforms, haircuts, numbers
Denied freedoms
Leads to new patterns of behavior

18. Social Environment: The Impact of Isolation
Interaction of heredity and environment shape human development
Extreme Isolation: Genie
Extreme Neglect: Romanian Orphans
Primate Studies
Social attachments develop from need for warmth, comfort, intimacy