1. Intro to Water
Understanding and Comprehending why water has unique and special properties

2. What is an atom? Atoms- are the smallest building blocks of matter
All matter is composed of atoms
When two or more atoms join its called a molecule

3. Understanding Parts of the Atom
To understand why atoms join you have to understand the parts of the atom
Nucleus- center of atom that has protons and Neutrons in it
Neutrons- have no charge, found in Nucleus
Protons- have positive electric charge found in Nucleus
Electron- small negatively charged particles that have almost no mass, “orbit” around nucleus

4. Why do different atoms combine?
Atoms join because they are unstable
All atoms wish to be stable
To achieve this they need to obtain a full outer shell of electrons
This happens when atoms share, lose or gain electrons
Full outer shell usually contains 8 electrons: called Octet Rule

5. Construction of Water
Water is made up of two elements; Hydrogen and Oxygen
Neither has a full outer shell of electrons so they join
However electrons are not shared equally and this gives water unique traits

6. Water a Polar Molecule
Because electrons are not shared evenly, water has a slightly electrical charge
You call this type of molecule a Polar molecule- a molecule that has slight electrical charges
This gives water 4 unique traits

7. 4 Unique Properties of Water
1. Universal Solvent- it can dissolve most anything placed in it
2. Expands when Frozen- Water can only freeze in a specific way; as a result it expands when frozen causing it to become less dense
3. Capillary Action- water can actually “defy” gravity and pull itself upwards (Water ADHESION)
4. Surface Tension- water molecules “sticking” together creating the force of COHESION between them

8. Other Unique Traits
High Specific Heat -water is 23 times “better” at retaining heat then air: it is also the only known substance to be found in all 3 states of matter on Earth
HEAVY- 33ft of water depth = the same weight as 17 miles of air (ground uppermost atmosphere)