1. Emergency Planning Steps
5 steps in emergency planning
Step 1: Establish a team
Step 2: Analyze capabilities and hazards
Step 3: Conduct vulnerability assessment
Step 4: Develop the plan
Step 5: Implement the plan

2. Step 1: Establishing the Team
Emergency Planning Teams
Federal Level
State Level
Regional Level
Local Level

3. Federal Level Emergency Response
In most disasters requiring Federal involvement, this happens in partnership with the State at the field or “incident” level
At the federal level, FEMA appoints a Federal Coordinating Officers (FCO’s) to each region
The FCO’s are assigned by the President to manage a particular disaster

4. Regional Federal Level teams
Personnel in FEMA’s ten Regional offices work with State FEMA officials to understand needs and provide incident management assistance.
The Regional Administrator works with the Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO)
Multiple FCO’s appointed to each region
Deputy Federal Coordinating Officers (DFCO)
Directors for Planning, Recovery, Response, etc.
Incident Management Assistance Teams (IMATs)
Interagency, regionally based response teams that provide a forward Federal presence to improve response to serious incidents.
Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC)
24/7 coordination centers that expand to become interagency facilities staffed in anticipation of a serious incident in the Region or immediately following an incident.

5. State Level Emergency/Disaster Team
Governor’s Authorized Representative (GAR)
Assistant Governor’s Authorized Representative (AGAR)
State Coordinating Officer (SCO)
Deputy State Coordinating Officer (DSCO)

6. Local Level Emergency Planning
Local Disaster Response Agencies
Regional Teams
Fire Departments
Site level response

7. Step 3: Vulnerability Assessment
What-if / Scenario analysis
HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) Studies
FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analyses)
Fault Tree Diagrams
Decision Tree Analysis
Capability Assessment Readiness (CAR) for state and local governments

8. WHAT IF ANALYSIS Used to identify hazards
Can include people and/or equipment

9. FRAMEWORK
What-if analysis is a brainstorming approach that uses broad, loosely structured questioning to:
Postulate potential upsets that may result in accidents or system performance problems
Ensure that appropriate safeguards against those problems are in place.

10. Brief summary of characteristics
A systematic, but loosely structured, assessment:
Team of experts brainstorming
Generate a comprehensive review
ensure that appropriate safeguards are in place
Typically performed by one or more teams with diverse backgrounds and experience
Applicable to any activity or system
Used as a high-level or detailed risk assessment technique
Generates qualitative descriptions of potential problems in the form of questions and responses
Lists of recommendations for preventing problems

11. Assessment Quality The quality of the evaluation depends on:
quality of the documentation
training of the review team leader
experience of the review teams

12. Most common uses
Generally applicable for almost every type of risk assessment application especially those dominated by relatively simple failure scenarios
Occasionally used alone, but most often used to supplement other, more structured techniques especially checklist analysis

13. Limitations of What-if Analysis
Although what-if analysis is highly effective in identifying various system hazards, this technique has three limitations:
 Likely to miss some potential problems
The loose structure of what-if analysis relies exclusively on the knowledge of the participants to identify potential problems.
If the team fails to ask important questions, the analysis is likely to overlook potentially important weaknesses.
 Difficult to audit for thoroughness
Reviewing a what-if analysis to detect oversights is difficult because there is no formal structure against which to audit.
Reviews tend to become "mini-what-ifs," trying to stumble upon oversights by the original team.
 Traditionally provides only qualitative information
Most what-if reviews produce only qualitative results; they give no quantitative estimates of risk-related characteristics.
This simplistic approach offers great value for minimal investment, but it can answer more complicated risk-related questions only if some degree of quantification is added.

14. Step 4: Developing an Emergency Plan
1. Direction and control
See FEMA’s Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning
2. Communications
3. Life safety
Activities to prevent the loss of life
Evacuation
Sheltering
Shelter-In-Place
Lockdown
4. Property protection
Activities to minimize damage (ie: sandbagging, boarding up windows, etc.)
5. Community outreach
Community services that can be made available and coordinated to disaster victims
6. Recovery and restoration
Damage restoration
Temporary power
Mold remediation
7. Administration and logistics
8. Identifying Challenges and Prioritize Activities
9. Writing the Plan
10. Establishing a Training Schedule
11. Coordinating with Outside Organizations
How will your plan be coordinated with other emergency agencies?
Review, Conduct Training and Revise

15. Step 5: Implement the Plan
This phase can include:
Assessment
Training
Drills
Continuous improvement

16. Week #6 Assignment
Pick a type of emergency you are most familiar with and limited to a local emergency.
You are in charge of a disaster team that will be responsible for developing an emergency plan for this disaster. Use a unique hazard approach.
For each of the 12 components of the disaster plan development process (Step 4), develop a framework you would implement to coordinate the development of this plan.
See Chapter 7 of your textbook
See the link to FEMA’s Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Planning

17. Example
You and your local team will be required to develop an emergency plan for a factory of 300 employees.
1. Planning for Direction and Control
Analyze the emergency situation and decide how to respond quickly, appropriately, and effectively.
Direct and coordinate the efforts of the jurisdiction's various response forces.
Coordinate with the response efforts of other jurisdictions.
Use available resources efficiently and effectively.
Issues to address:
Evaluate direction and control issues across the disaster phases
Adopt a disaster management system
Identify personnel availability and skills
What resources are needed?
Personnel
Financial
Equipment