1. Reptiles, Birds, & Mammals
Wed 11, 2009

2. Reptiles

3. Reptiles Crocodilia- crocs, gators, caymens Squamata- lizards, snakes
Testudines- turtles, tortoises
Around 8-8,500 species
Reptiles vertebrates or invertebrates?

4. Skeletal
Endoskeleton with scales

5. Respiratory Like humans, All reptiles breathe using lungs
Although adaptations allow some of them to hold massive amounts of oxygen

6. Digestion
Relatively similar to humans. The digestive system is composed of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and glands. In mammals, the esophagus is very muscular and moves food to the stomach. In the snake, however, the esophagus has very little muscle and food is moved to the stomach more by movement of the entire body.

7. Locomotion Movement occurs in various ways
Lets name some different ways reptiles move.

8. Reproduction
Most reptiles reproduce sexually, though some are capable of asexual reproduction.
Most reptiles lay amniotic eggs covered with leathery or calcareous shells
The egg provides all nutrients however offers only minimal protection from environmental factors.
Environmental Factors?

9. Circulatory Closed circulatory system
Most reptiles have a three-chamber heart.
Crocodilians have an anatomically four-chambered heart
Remember exceptions- pythons have a 3-chambered heart that become 4-chambered hearts during contraction.

10. Reptiles- Interesting facts
Advantages-They have really thick skin that helps keep water in. They spend time moving around, looking for shady areas.
Disadvantage-They are cold-blooded, which makes it difficult because they must avoid both high and low temperatures.
Why can’t crocs and gators live in Cinci?
Are mammals cold-blooded? What does this mean for us?

14. Birds

15. Birds
Birds (class Aves) are bipedal, warm-blooded, vertebrate animals that lay eggs.
About 10,000 living species

16. Respiratory
Breathe via Lungs

17. Reproduction Reproduce Sexually
Most birds are monogamous which allows for bi-parental care
Why would this be an advantage?
All birds lay amniotic eggs with hard shells made mostly of calcium carbonate

18. Skeletal
Endoskeleton with skin covered with feathers

19. Locomotion
Bipedalism- terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs.
Humans are bipedal because we walk on our two rear limbs.
Of course most fly, but not all

20. Circulatory
Birds, like mammals, have a 4-chambered heart (2 atria & 2 ventricles)
Birds have very efficient cardiovascular systems that permit them to meet the metabolic demands of flight (and running, swimming, or diving). The cardiovascular system not only delivers oxygen to body cells (and removes metabolic wastes) but also plays an important role in maintaining a bird's body temperature.

21. Digestion Crop- enlargement of the esophagus- Stomach
Gizzard-traps indigestible matter

22. Interesting Facts
Many species undertake long distance annual migrations, and many more perform shorter irregular movements.
Birds are social; they communicate using visual signals and through calls and songs, and participate in social behaviors including cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators.

29. Mammals

30. Mammals are Unique
Named because of how young are fed- mammalian glands.
Sweat Glands
Advanced brain (neo cortex)
Warm-blooded
About 5,400 species

31. Skeletal Endoskeleton covered with skin and hair.
It has developed muscles and generally four limbs attached

32. Respiratory
Has lungs and breathes in oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide

33. Circulatory Closed circulatory system
4 chambered heart with blood vessels and arteries

34. Digestion
A mammal has a developed digestive tract with mouth, teeth, stomach, intestines. Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat meat and omnivores eat both

35. Locomotion
They use their limbs to walk, climb, swim, and fly

36. Reproduction
A mammal reproduces sexually with the female being fertilized by the male internally. Mammals have live birth and care for their young for quite a time after birth.
Except for 5 species, mammals give birth to live young

37. Platypus

41. How are reptiles birds and mammals similar?
Think about: skeletal structure/epidermis
How they breathe
How they acquire nutrients
Circulatory systems
Reproduction
Development of digestion systems