1. When doing GENETIC mapping, Molecular Markers can be used as a locus
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) “snips”
AACGTCATCG vs. AACGTTATCG
Microsatellites examined here on a pedigree
Simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs)
CGCGCG vs. CGCGCGCGCG vs. CGCG
The idea of Haplotypes

2. The idea of a Haplotype
Beyond

5. H. sapiens sapiens
<100,000 yrs.
±4000 generations
*Few recomb./gen.
*Haplotypes are
of significance

6. Chauvet cave, 30,000 BC
Homo sapiens sapiens

9. H. sapiens sapiens
100,000 yrs.
±4000 generations
*Few recomb./gen.
*Haplotypes are
of significance

10. H. sapiens sapiens
<100,000 yrs.
±4000 generations
*Few recomb./gen.
*Haplotypes are
of significance

11. Essentially Haploid:
Haplotypes
WITHOUT
recombination

12. Note: In humans, the mutation rate is ±10-8 (per generation per bp)
Y chromosome is 60 Mbp, so +/- 0.6 bp change/generation
Remember: For Y, recombination is NOT AN ISSUE

14. Y- haplogroup distributions now

16. Note: In human mitochondria, the mutation rate is ±10-5 (per generation per bp)
Mitochondrial genome is about 17,000 bp, so +/- 0.2 bp change per generation
Here too: For Mitochondrial DNA, recombination is NOT AN ISSUE

17. Note: In human mitochondria, the mutation rate is ±10-5 (per generation per bp)
Here too: For Mitochondrial DNA, recombination is NOT AN ISSUE

19. The idea of a Haplotype

23. For AUTOSOMAL inheritance and haplotypes, we must address:
-diploidy
-crossovers/recombinant chromosomes
*Additional levels of complexity

24. For Autosomes: Two alleles of each gene
127 cM
For Autosomes: crossovers and recombinant chromosomes

26. Take into account the dynamics/timing of:
-single base pair changes
-crossovers/recombinant chromosomes

27. Prof. Rosie Redfield, UBC -Link to movie is on Moodle
For AUTOSOMAL inheritance and haplotypes, we must address:
-diploidy
-crossovers/recombinant chromosomes
Prof. Rosie Redfield, UBC
-Link to movie is on Moodle