1. Nouns and adjectives used with direct address
Vocative Case
Nouns and adjectives used with direct address

2. Vocative Case = Direct Address
Use the vocative when addressing someone directly.
e.g. “Evan, I like your shirt.”
Vocative Case

3. Formation Vocative has the same endings as the nominative case except:
2nd Declension words that end in -us, the -us changes to -e
Servus → Serve
2nd decl. words ending in -ius change to -i
Claudius → Claudi
Meus (my) changes to mi
Meus filius → Mi fili

4. Exempli gratia Dominus villam intrat. Salve, domine!
Puella discessit. Vale, puella!
Servi in horto laborant. Servi, laborate!
Caecilius forum intrat. Salve, Caecili!