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Tissues
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Spare Parts In The News
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Organization of Multicellular Organisms
Cells – smallest living unit Tissue – like cells working together Organ – 2 or more tissues that function together Organ system – 2 or more organs working together
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Tissue Types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous
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Humans as a Model for Vertebrate Architecture
Coelom with 2 parts Thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity Internal skeleton Nerve cord & brain Surrounded by bone
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Epithelial Tissues Coverings & linings of the body Functions
Protection Absorption Sensation Secretion Excretion Surface transport
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Epithelial Tissues Sheets of cells packed together Types
Cell shape Number of layers Characteristics Usually thin layers Very few blood vessels Regenerate readily Basement membrane
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Classifying Epithelial Tissues
Shape of cells Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Layers Simple Stratified Pseudostratified Transitional
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Simple Epithelial Tissues
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Simple Epithelial Tissues
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Simple Epithelial Tissues
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Stratified Epithelial Tissue
Stratified Squamous Stratified Cuboidal Rare type Stratified Columnar
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Pseudostratified Epithelium
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Transitional Epithelium
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Connective Tissues Cells in a non-living matrix
Functions of connective tissue Structural Provide body support Defensive Protect body from attack Isolating Storehouses
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Cell Types of Connective Tissue
Fibroblasts Secrete fibers into matrix Cartilage Cells (chondrocytes) Secrete matrix of gel & fibers Bone cells Make matrix of fibers that become mineralized
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Fiber Types Collagen Reticular Elastic Protein collagen
Protein reticulin Elastic Protein elastin
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Connective Tissue Types Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
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Connective Tissue Types Reticular Connective Tissue
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Connective Tissue Types Elastic Connective Tissue
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Connective Tissue Types Loose Connective Tissue
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Connective Tissue Types Hyaline Cartilage
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Connective Tissue Types Elastic Cartilage
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Connective Tissue Types Fibrocartilage
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Connective Tissue Types Bone
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Bone Structure Internal structure Spaces with marrow Compact bone
Spongy bone Spaces with marrow
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Connective Tissue Cells that Defend
Leukocytes – white blood cells Granulocytes Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Macrophages Mast cells
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Granulocytes Lobed nuclei Circulate with blood
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Agranuloctytes Lymphocytes
Location Circulate in blood Organs of lymphatic system Cells of immunity
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Agranulocytes Macrophages
Engulf & digest particles
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Agranulocytes Mast Cells
Involved in inflammatory response In blood & other tissues Play a role in allergic reactions
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Connective Tissue & Cells that Isolate
Adipose Cells mostly lipids Function Store energy Insulation Padding
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Connective Tissue & Cells that Isolate
Blood Cells Plasma Mobile transport Gasses Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nutrients Waste products
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Muscle Tissue Muscle cells = muscle fibers Cells contain filaments
Myofibrils Organized arrangement
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Muscle Tissue Types Myofibrils shorten Smooth Muscle Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle Myofibrils shorten Causes movement
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Smooth Muscle
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Skeletal Muscle
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Cardiac Muscle
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Nervous Tissue Cells Neurons Support cells Conduct messages
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Neurons Dendrites Axon Reception of stimulus Impulse toward cell body
Impulse away from cell body Toward another neuron or tissue
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Neurons
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Nerves Clusters of axons & dendrites
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Organ Systems
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Homeostasis Maintaining a stable internal equilibrium
Requires cells, tissues, organs, & organ systems to work together
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Maintaining Homeostasis
Feedback loops Information fed to body’s control system Two methods Negative feedback Positive feedback
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Negative Feedback Most common feedback used by the body
Works like a thermostat Changes are registered Adjustments are made Homeostasis is maintained
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Positive Feedback Mechanism moves in the same direction as what triggers the change Not common in human bodies Disrupts the steady state Example: contractions in childbirth
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End chapter 26
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