1. The Correlation Between Metabolic Syndrome and Prostatic Diseases
Cosimo De Nunzio, William Aronson, Stephen J. Freedland, Edward Giovannucci, J. Kellogg Parsons 
European Urology 
Volume 61, Issue 3, Pages (March 2012)
DOI: /j.eururo
Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1 Flow diagram of the search results.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2 Pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome.
HPA=hypothalamic–pituitary adrenal axis; IGF-1=insulinlike growth factor 1; TNF-α=tumour necrosis factor 1; IL-6=interleukin-6; CRP=C-reactive protein; PAI-1=plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; HDL=high-density lipoprotein; LDL=low-density lipoprotein.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Potential biologic mechanisms for lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia in relation to metabolic syndrome.
IGF-1=insulinlike growth factor 1; IL=interleukin, TGF-β=transforming growth factor-β; IFN-γ=interferon-γ; FGF-2=fibroblast growth factor 2; LUTS=lower urinary tract symptoms; BPH=benign prostatic hyperplasia.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Biologic hypothesis for prostate cancer aggressiveness in relation to metabolic syndrome.
IL=interleukin; TGF-α=transforming growth factor-α; IGF-1=insulinlike growth factor 1; SHBG=sex hormone–binding globulin; PCa=prostate cancer.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions