1. Anatomy and Physiology
Integumentary System
Anatomy and Physiology

2. Four Types of Membranes
Serous: lines cavities that do not open to the outside, secretes serous fluid
Mucous: lines cavities that open to outside, secretes mucous
Synovial: found in joint cavities, secretes synovial fluid
Cutaneous: is skin, vital to homeostasis

3. Layers of Skin
Epidermis: outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis: thicker, contains fibrous connective, epithelial, smooth muscle, nervous tissue, blood
Subcutaneous: beneath other two, contains loose connective and adipose

4. The Epidermis Layers from top to bottom: Stratum corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum basale
Basement membrane
Page 115 in textbook

5. The Epidermis No blood vessels in this layer
Older cells pushed up away from nourishment, they die and harden
Layers of tough dead cells are the stratum corneum

6. The Epidermis: Functions
Shields
Holds in water
Contains melanocytes in the deepest part of the epidermis
Melanocytes produce pigment; some produce more than others

7. The Connection between layers
Basement membrane is the layer of non-living material that anchors the epidermis to the connective tissue of the dermis below.

8. The Dermis The layer under the epidermis
Mostly fibrous connective tissue, with some collagen fibers and elastic fibers
Good blood supply
Also contains nerves and accessory organs

9. Accessory Organs Hair: develops from a base called a hair follicle
Smooth muscle called the arrector pili muscle is attached to each hair follicle. Causes goosebumps

10. Accessory Organs
Sebaceous Glands: secrete an oily material called sebum
Usually attached
to a hair follicle

11. Accessory Organs Sweat Glands: coiled exocrine glands secrete sweat
Usually not associated with hair follicles
Eccrine: respond to elevated body temp
Apocrine: respond to emotion

12. Subcutaneous Layer Beneath the dermis
Consists of loose connective tissue and adipose
Insulates and conserves body heat
Contains the major blood vessels