1. An Introduction to SPSS and Research Methodologies H
An Introduction to SPSS and Research Methodologies H. Gregory Hawkins, Ph.D. Ryan Otto, Ph.D.

2. Overview Basics of Building an SPSS Dataset
Hypotheses: Framing Clear, Testable Questions
Common Hypothesis Testing: Choosing the Correct Test
Applied Learning Session
Select into Six Groups
Randomly Select a Research
Frame the Null and Research Hypothesis
Identify the Appropriate Test
Run the Analysis
Interpret the Results

3. Building an SPSS Data Set
Variables:
Undergrad Institution
BCPM GPA
Cumulative GPA
MCAT Verbal
MCAT Physical
MCAT Biological
MCAT Combined
Step 1
How to Build:
Manual
Copy / Paste
Import

4. Articulating Testable Hypotheses
Generally speaking, most research questions refer to:
Differences Between Groups
Is there a significant difference between USCSOMG male and female students on BCPM GPA?
Relationships Between Variables
Is there a significant relationship between percentage of school students eligible for free/reduced lunch and percentage of students meeting/exceeding minimum requirements on PASS tests?

5. Writing Hypotheses Differences Between Groups
Is there a significant difference between USCSOMG male and female students on BCPM GPA?
Null Hypothesis: Statement of Equality
There is no significant difference between USCSOMG male and female students on BCPM GPA.
µmale.BCPMGPA=µfemale.BCPMGPA
Research Hypothesis: Statement of Inequality
There is a significant difference between USCSOMG male and female students on BCPM GPA.
Xmale.BCPMGPA≠Xfemale.BCPMGPA

6. Writing Hypotheses Relationships Between Variables r%Free.%Pass=0
Is there a significant relationship between percentage of school students eligible for free/reduced lunch and percentage of students meeting/exceeding minimum requirements on PASS tests?
Null Hypothesis: Statement of Equality
There is no significant relationship between percentage of students eligible for F/R lunch and percentage of students meeting/exceeding minimum requirements on PASS tests.
r%Free.%Pass=0
Research Hypothesis: Statement of Inequality
r%Free.%Pass≠0

7. Common Hypothesis Tests
Relationships Between Variables or Differences Between Groups?
Number of Variables?
3+: Regression
Two: Bivariate Correlation
Same Group(s) Measured More than Once?
Yes
Same Group Twice: Paired-Samples T-Test
Same Group More 3+: Repeated Measures ANOVA No
Two Groups: Independent Samples T-Test
3+ Groups: Simple ANOVA

8. Common Hypothesis Tests
Relationships Between Variables or Differences Between Groups?
Number of Variables?
3+: Regression
Two: Bivariate Correlation
As X increases or decreases, is there a significant and corresponding observable change in Y?
No Correlation
Positive Correlation
Negative Correlation
Are variables X1, X2, X3,…Xn (independent variables) significant predictors of Y (dependent variable)?

9. Common Hypothesis Tests
Relationships Between Variables or Differences Between Groups?
Same Group(s) Measured More than Once?
Yes
Same Group Twice: Paired-Samples T-Test
Same Group More 3+: Repeated Measures ANOVA No
Two Groups: Independent Samples T-Test
3+ Groups: Simple ANOVA
Are there statistically significant mean values for dependent variables?
One group’s scores compared over time?
Different groups?