1. Biochemistry!

2. Chemistry and Matter! Chemistry is the study of matter
Matter is made up of Atoms, the smallest free unit found in matter
An atom is composed of 3 parts
A positively charged ion Proton
A negatively charged ion Electron
A neutral ion: Neutron

3. Elements!
An Element is the purest form of a substance. CANNOT be broken down further
There are over 100 of them. In biology, it is necessary to know and recognize about 15

4. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry (Living)
Molecules and compounds made up of at least Carbon and Hydrogen
Examples:
Carbohydrates
Lipids,
Proteins,
Nucleic acids
Inorganic Chemistry (Not living)
Molecules made up of all elements EXCEPT the Carbon and Hydrogen pair.
Examples:
C02
Water, (H20)
Soil
Minerals
NaCl

5. Organic Molecules Which of the following compounds are organic?
Water (H2O)
Glucose (C6H12O6)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen (O2)
Bleach (NaClO)
Salt (NaCl)
How did you determine this?

6. Organic Molecules Needed for Life

7. Macromolecules: Proteins
Body building compounds (growth and development) CHONPS
Makes tissues, organs, organelles, Transmits messages
Made of C H N O P S
Found in Muscles, cell membranes, enzymes, and hormones
Receptors, antibodies, antigens, neurotransmitters, hemoglobin
Many Amino acids (monomer- subunits) make up a Protein (Polymer—Polypeptide)

8. Macromolecule: Carbohydrates
Subunits=
Sugars; glucose, lactose… C6H12O6
sugar
Many sugars make up one starch
Functions:
Quick energy
Starches-long term energy storage
Starches in plants, glycogen and chitin in animals

9. Macromolecule: Lipids (fats)
Examples: fats (solids), waxes, oils (liquids), CHO
Functions:
Long term energy storage
Prevent water loss,
Insulation (keep in heat)
Cushioning
Subunits:
1 fat molecule made from 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

10. Macromolecule: Nucleic Acid
Made from MONOMER subunits nucleotides
Functions to make RNA and other proteins
Functions to hold and direct gene expression

11. Vitamins and Minerals
Minerals: Elements that are essential for certain molecules (for synthesis or proper functions
Calcium- bones, Iron- hemoglobin, Sodium- blood pressure
Vitamins: required for proper enzyme action

12. Water Cells are made up of about 70% water
Including single celled organisms such as the protozoa