1. INFECTIOUS DISEASES
CHAPTER 21(11)

2. Infectious Disease Communicable Can spread easily
Caused by organisms that multiple within us
Micro-organism

3. CAUSES OF INFECTIONS PATHOGENS 1.BACTERIA
Simple, single cells organism, that can live almost anywhere.
TOXINS – poisons

4. 2. VIRUSES
Bundle of genes wrapped in protein cover
Virus factory

5. 3. FUNGI Simple organisms related to mold
Like warm, dark, and moist areas

6. 4. PROTOZOANS 5. OTHER PATHOGENS
Moves through fluids in search of food
5. OTHER PATHOGENS
Diseases caused by animals, insects and parasitic worms

7. PATHOGENS ARE SPREAD BY:
1. CONTACT with INFECTED PERSONS: direct contact, indirect contact

8. 2. CONTACT with CONTAMINATED OBJECTS.

9. 3. CONTACT with INFECTED ANIMALS/ INSECTS.
4. CONTACT with ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES.

10. BODY’S DEFENSES: 1. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL DEFENSES
A. SKIN – largest organ on the body
Pores are exits
Secretes sweat – which is poisonous to germs
Secretes oil – called Sebum

11. Body’s Defenses (cont.) PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL DEFENSES
B. MUCOUS MEMBRANES – protective lining
Secretes mucus; traps pathogen
Chemicals within it kills pathogen
Cilia – tiny hair like structures
* removes pathogens

12. Body’s Defenses (cont.) PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL DEFENSES
C. Saliva and Tears – washes away pathogens
D. Digestive System – removes/excretes pathogens

13. Body’s Defenses (cont.)
2. INFLAMMATION:
BODY’S RESPONSE TO ALL KINDS OF INJURY
Damaged cells release chemicals that cause blood vessels to enlarge
Allows more blood flow – carries nutrients and white blood cells to area
Phagocytes – white blood cells

14. Body’s Defenses Infected area becomes red, swollen and sore
Pus – white liquid that is an accumulation of fluids, white blood cells and dead cells.

15. Phagocytosis

16. Body’s Defenses (cont.)
3. IMMUNE SYSTEM –
made up of blood, bone marrow and lymphatic tissue
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – is a network of vessels that form the immune system.
Has three structures

18. Three lymphatic structures
LYMPH – the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system
LYMPH NODES – small stations that houses different white blood cells
LYMPHOCYTES – specialized white blood cells
Some patrol the body
Some are dormant in the lymph nodes

19. 3 TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES 1. B LYMPHOCYTES – B CELLS
2. T LYMPHOCYTES – T CELLS
A. Helper T
B. Killer T
C. Suppressor T
3. MEMORY CELLS

20. 1. B LYMPHOCYTES B CELLS – produces antibodies
ANTIBODIES – are Y-shaped proteins that attach themselves to pathogens
Form memory cells

21. 2. T LYMPHOCYTES (T CELLS)
A. HELPER T CELLS
Produces chemical that regulates the activity of the other white blood cells
Interferon – chemical that stimulates phagocytes
B. KILLER T CELLS
Kills pathogens directly by destroying the infected body cells

22. T Cells (cont.) C. SUPPRESSOR T CELLS
SLOWS DOWN THE RESPONSE OF THE B CELLS AND THE T CELLS

23. 3. MEMORY CELLS FORM AFTER HAVING AN INFECTION
FORM THROUGH VACCINATIONS
ARE STORED IN THE LYMPH NODES

24. Immunity The body’s ability to fight infection.
Active – having infection
- Vaccination – injection of of disabled or dead pathogen.
Passive – immunity through an outside source

25. STAGES OF INFECTIONS
1. INCUBATION STAGE – time between, when the pathogen enters the body and makes you sick.
Every pathogen has a different incubation period
2. PRODROMAL STAGE – when the first symptoms occur
Sore throat, sneezing, etc.

26. Stages of infections (cont.)
3. ACUTE STAGE – symptoms are most severe.
Fever
4. RECOVERY STAGE – start to feel better.
Convalescence – period between end of infection
Relapse – illness returns

27. MEDICATIONS ANTIBIOTICS – drugs that kill bacteria Penicillin
Erythromycin
Tetracycline
Bixan
Take it exactly as directed. Always take the exact amount that the label says to take. If the label says to take the medicine at a certain time, follow these directions.
Take it for as long as prescribed.

28. Medications
75% of antibiotics prescribed for respiratory tract infections
50% of antibiotic prescriptions are inappropriate
Most respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses
Antibiotics do not work against viruses

29. What Are Antivirals? www.webmd.com)
Antivirals are medications that reduce the ability of flu viruses to multiply.
The CDC considers antiviral drugs as a "second line of defense against the flu.
"When taken at the onset of flu, these medications help decrease the severity and duration of flu symptoms.

30. USING MEDICATION CORRECTLY
Tell doctor of any medicine you are taking
Tell doctor of any drugs taken within 24hr.
Ask how medicine should affect you
Store medications correctly
Read information of label, or print out
Take medication prescribed to you only

31. Cont. Tell doctor of any side effects
NEVER drink alcohol with medication, this includes over the counter meds.
Throw away old medications.

32. MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS
PHARMACIST
NEED 5 YR. COLLEGE PROGRAM
AND STATE LICENSE
DISPENSES MEDICINES THAT HAVE BEEN PRESCRIBED BY DOC.
PHARMACOLOGISTS
NEEDS PH.D
WORKS IN RESEARCH LAB. TO DEVELOP NEW DRUGS TO TREAT OR PREVENT DISEASE.

33. ORGANIZATIONS: CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL - CDC
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - WHO