1. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution The Puzzle of Life’s Diversity Chapter 15-1

2. WRITE A DEFINITION:
EVOLUTION:
change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
THEORY:
a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world
FOSSIL:
the preserved remains of ancient organisms

3. The total variety of all the organisms in the biosphere
REMEMBER !
The total variety of all the organisms in the biosphere
= ________________
Where did all these different organisms come from?
How are they related?
BIODIVERSITY

4. What scientific explanation can account for the diversity of life?
ANSWER:
A collection of ______________,
__________, and ___________ known as
________________________
Scientific facts
observations
hypotheses
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

5. Charles Darwin H.M.S. Beagle 5 year The person who contributed the
most to our understanding of
evolution was
______________________
In 1831, at age 22, he joined the crew of
the _______________ as a naturalist for
a ________ voyage around the world.
Charles Darwin
H.M.S. Beagle
5 year

6. revolutionary hypothesis life changes
During his travels, Darwin wrote thousands
of pages in his journals, drew pictures of
the things he saw, and collected a vast
amount of ______________ that led him
to propose a _______________________
about the way _____________.
evidence
revolutionary hypothesis
life changes

7. DARWIN WONDERED? Why do Argentina and Australia have ________
______ even though they have ________
grassland ____________?
Why are there no ______ in Australia and
no ________ in England?
Why have so many species
disappeared?
How are these ______ species
related to living species?
different
animals
similar
ecosystems
rabbits
kangaroos
extinct

8. Who Was Charles Darwin? Galápagos Islands finches tortoises
While on his voyage around the world aboard the ____________, Charles Darwin spent about one month observing life on the
________________.
There, he encountered some unique animals, such as ______ and ________.
H.M.S. Beagle
Galápagos Islands
finches
tortoises

9. The Galάpagos Islands are close together but have very different _______.
Some were hot and dry, with little vegetation.
Others had more rainfall and were rich in vegetation
Each island had
its own _____
_________ of
plant and animal
species.
climates
unique
assortment

10. Giant Tortoises of the Galápagos Islands
Section 15-1
and on Pinta Island, tortoise necks
were somewhere in between
Pinta
Tower
Pinta Island Intermediate shell
Marchena
James
Fernandina
Santa Cruz
Isabela
Santa Fe
Hood Island
Saddle-backed shell
Floreana
Hood
On the desert-like Hood Island,
tortoises had long necks…
Isabela Island
Dome-shaped shell
…while on the lush rainforest of Isabela Island,
tortoises had short necks…

11. same species different isolated
After his voyage, Darwin spent a great deal of time thinking about his findings.
He began to wonder if animals living on
different islands had once been members
of the ____________ that had
developed _________ characteristics
after becoming _______ from one
another in different habitats.
same species
different
isolated

12. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Ideas that Shaped Darwin’s Thinking Chapter 15-2

13. Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking:
proposes that the EARTH
was _______ by
_________________
occurring over
__________ periods of
time, and is
_______________ old.
James Hutton
shaped
geological forces
very long
millions of years

14. Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking:
explains that the geological
processes still ___________
have shaped Earth’s
features over
________________
Charles Lyell
occurring now
long periods of time

15. Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking:
Theory of Pangaea
…and continental
drift

16. Living things must compete for food, shelter, space, mates
REMEMBER ! Chapter 3
competition
Living things must compete for food, shelter, space, mates

17. insufficient space & food
Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking:
_____________________
He observed that babies were being born
faster than people were dying. He
reasoned that if the human population
continued to grow, sooner or later there
would be _______________________
Thomas Malthus (1798)
insufficient space & food

18. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809)
Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking:
___________________________
was one of first scientists
to recognize living things
_______________ and that
all species were ________ from
other species.
Lamarck published his hypothesis of
________________________
the year Darwin was born.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809)
changed over time
descended
Inheritance of Acquired traits

19. The male fiddler crab uses its
front claw to _________mates and fight off _____________.
attract
predators
repeated
Through _________ use, the front claw becomes ________.
larger
The fiddler passes on this __________ characteristic to its offspring
acquired

20. What’s wrong with Lamarck’s hypothesis?
Lamarck didn’t know about
genes and how traits are _______.
If you lifted weights your
whole young adult life, and
then you had children, would
your kids be more muscular?
inherited
ACQUIRED
PASSED ON
NO! ________ traits can ____ be __________ to their offspring.
NOT

21. What’s right with Lamarck’s hypothesis?
Lamarck was first to
develop a scientific
hypothesis about
_______
and recognize that
organisms are
________________________
evolution
adapted to their environments

22. Match the letter of the idea with the man or men who proposed it:
Hutton
Lyell
Malthus
Lamarck
Match the letter of the idea with
the man or men who proposed it:
The earth is really old, and slowly changes
Living things pass changes on to their offspring, leading to species changes
Sooner or later growing populations run out of resources
Living things change slowly over time because of competition for resources, and pass those changes on to their offspring

23. c.
Malthus
Hutton a.
Lamarck
Lyell b. d.
The earth is really old, and slowly changes
Living things pass changes on to their offspring, leading to species changes
Sooner or later growing populations run out of resources
Living things change slowly over time because of competition for resources, and pass those changes on to their offspring

24. Concept Map Section 15-3 Evidence of Evolution includes
The fossil record
Geographic distribution of living species
Homologous body structures
Similarities in early development
which is composed of
which indicates
which implies
which implies
Physical remains of organisms
Common ancestral species
Similar genes