1. The Types of Warfare

2. What is War?
We shall not enter into any of the abstruse definitions of war used by publicists. We shall keep to the element of the thing itself, to a duel. War is nothing but a duel on an extensive scale. If we would conceive as a unit the countless number of duels which make up a war, we shall do so best by supposing to ourselves two wrestlers. Each strives by physical force to compel the other to submit to his will: his first object is to throw his adversary, and thus to render him incapable of further resistance.
War therefore is an act of violence to compel our opponent to fulfil our will.
Violence arms itself with the inventions of Art and Science in order to contend against violence. Self-imposed restrictions, almost imperceptible and hardly worth mentioning, termed usages of International Law, accompany it without essentially impairing its power. Violence, that is to say physical force (for there is no moral force without the conception of states and law), is therefore the means; the compulsory submission of the enemy to our will is the ultimate object. In order to attain this object fully, the enemy must be disarmed; and this is, correctly speaking, the real aim of hostilities in theory. It takes the place of the final object, and puts it aside in a manner as something not properly belonging to war.
- Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz, German-Prussian soldier and military theorist who stressed the "moral" and political aspects of war

3. What’s That Mean?
War is the use of force to achieve a political aim against a thinking, responsive enemy.

4. 20th Century in Review
Late 1800s, the world thought the age of war was over
Not only was there a Great War, there was then a Second World War
Other conflicts less talked about as well
Nature of warfare totally changed
Mechanized by industry
Lead to an increase in civilian deaths
Nuclear weapons have raised destructive potential?

5. Effects of These Wars
World War led to end of empires and the old order
New social and political developments in Europe
World War II led to the ride of superpowers and the decline of Europe
This then led to the Cold War
Still shaping the world today

6. Total War
A country uses all its human, economic and military resources to ensure complete victory
Conscription
Civilian involvement (industry and defense)
Using all weapons and developing new ones
Government control of the economy and media
Targeting civilians as well as combatants

7. Limited War Limiting or constraining the way in which war is conducted
Confining the geographic area
Limiting types of targets
Limiting weapons that can be used
Limiting the degree of mobilization
Characteristic of the 19th century wars, reflecting both aims and difficulty in total mobilization
Became a protection after the development of the nuclear weapons
Korea, Vietnam War
Falklands, Gulf War

8. What is a Total War of the 19th century?

9. Civil Wars
Conflicts between two factions or regions of the same country
Clash over ethnic, religious, political or ideological issues
Aim to take control of the political and legal institutions of the state
Insurgents versus the incumbents
Sometimes foreign involvement as well
Examples, Chinese, Russian, American, etc.

10. Guerilla Warfare Key feature of the 20th century
Unconventional, small groups of fighters use tactics such as ambush and small-unit raids against a larger and less mobile formal army
Became common for a number of reasons
Many Asian and African conflicts of insurgents held limited resources, attempting to topple large European powers
Common in areas with rough terrain
Support of local population

11. Guerilla Warfare Other reasons
Cold War saw proxy conflicts arise, forces of communism or capitalism being supported by a superpower
Neither US nor USSR wanted involvement to escalate
Rise of Marxism, coincides with the masses and guerilla warfare
Democratic political systems are particularly vulnerable to these tactics
Weapons technology, powerful small arms
International mass media provides helpful publicity

12. Causes and Effects of War
Economic
Wars fought over foreign markets or raw materials
Gulf War
Can have impacts such as inflation or food rationing
Germany after WWI
Social
Wars fought due to tensions between groups or classes
Spanish Civil War
Often structures, customs or traditions will change as a result
Europe after WWI

13. Causes and Effects of War
Political
Rival factions may clash violently
Spanish Civil War
Can change the structure of a government or nation, and result in a complete reconfiguration of how a country is run
Breakup of empire after WWI
Ideological
Cause is a clash of idea about how government and society should be run
The Cold War
Result is a new position of country or particular group
Russian Revolution

14. Depicting the four types of war

15. Debate Topics War can be a positive force
Vs..
War is never a positive force.
Total war is a necessary strategy at times.
Total war should never be implemented by a nation.