1. World War II

2. The Rise of Totalitarianism
Causes of War: Rise of Dictators, Treaty of Versailles, Failure of League of Nations and Appeasement
The Rise of Totalitarianism

3. Throughout the thirties Canada and USA struggled with economic hardship
Meanwhile, political and social upheaval was occurring across Europe
How to deal with unemployment, poverty, lack of food and disorder in society?

4. Three Leaders 1. Josef Stalin (Communist leader of the Soviet Union
2. Benito Mussolini (Fascist Leader in Italy)
3. Adolf Hitler (Fascist Leader in Germany
canada-in-the-second-world-war.html
Three Leaders

5. Germany After the War Weimar Republic (1919 -1933)
Fragile democratic government
Blamed for the Treaty of Versailles and hardships German people faced
To pay debt the new German government, began to print extra money to make the payments on time

6. Hyperinflation Printing too much money led to inflation
Inflation is when the prices of products rise
The prices in Germany rose so fast that German money became completely useless
Almost the entire German population became poor
Hyperinflation

7. Items
1914
July 1921
July 1922
July 1923
Sept.
1923
Nov.
1 kg of Bread
$0.28
$2.64
$8.75
$22,500
$10,370,000
$470,000,000,000
1 kg of Beef
$1.17
$28.00
$133.00
$112,000
$76,000,000
$5,600,000,000,000
1 Egg
$0.09
$1.60
$7.00
$4,000
$4,000,000
$320,000,000,000

11. Adolf Hitler German people were looking for an answer
Hitler had gained support by criticizing the weak and ineffective Weimar Republic
Charismatic speaker – channeled people’s discontent

12. January 1933 – becomes Chancellor of Germany
March 1933 – Hitler’s National Socialist Party takes over German parliament (Reichstag)

13. The Nazi Party

14. Propaganda “Triumph of the Will” (1935)
Shortly after he came to power Hitler called me to see him and explained that he wanted a film about a Party Congress, and wanted me to make it. My first reaction was to say that I did not know anything about the way such a thing worked or the organisation of the Party, so that I would obviously photograph all the wrong things and please nobody—even supposing that I could make a documentary, which I had never yet done. Hitler said that this was exactly why he wanted me to do it: because anyone who knew all about the relative importance of the various people and groups and so on might make a film that would be pedantically accurate, but this was not what he wanted. He wanted a film showing the Congress through a non-expert eye, selecting just what was most artistically satisfying—in terms of spectacle, I suppose you might say. He wanted a film which would move, appeal to, impress an audience which was not necessarily interested in politics.
— Leni Riefenstahl
Propaganda “Triumph of the Will” (1935)

15. What propaganda techniques are being used in this clip?
Why would Hitler use this film to rally support?
Why is it effective?
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16. In the Beginning Hitler…
Defied the Treaty of Vesailles
stops the war reparations
builds up armed forces (remilitarizes the Rhineland)
puts money in to public projects
bans all other political parties and trade unions
racist ideology – begins persecuting those who do not fit into idea of “master race”
In the Beginning Hitler…

17. Why doesn’t anyone stop him?
1. League of Nations is weak
Japan invades Chinese province of Manchuria 1931
League condemns these actions and tries to negotiate, but Japan withdraws membership

18. Italy attempts to invade Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
Italy’s actions are condemned and trade sanctions imposed (excluding oil)
France and Britain want to keep Italy as an ally in case of a war with Germany
Weak response

19. 2. Policy of Appeasement
Western countries wanted to avoid war
Looked for peaceful ways to deal with German aggression including making concessions to Hitler
The policy of appeasement made Hitler more confident

20. The Road to War

21. Homework Recap:

22. Once he came to power, Hitler set about doing exactly what he had said he would do
For each of his actions between 1935 & 1939, you can see which aim(s) he was fulfilling by undertaking

23. 1935 – Rearmament
Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
Anschluss with Austria
The annexation of the Sudetenland
The invasion of Czechoslovakia
The invasion of Poland

25. Sept 1938: The Munich Agreement
The western powers hoped to save the world from war - meeting between Britain, France and Germany
Czechs were not invited
Hitler promised it was going to be his last territorial demand
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain stated this agreement would bring “Peace in our Time”
Britain & France used the policy of appeasement to deal with Hitler.

26. Prime Minster Chamberlain