1. Program evaluation determines whether a social intervention is producing an intended result.
Cost-effectiveness studies determine the relative cost and effects two or more social interventions.
Cost-benefit studies determine whether the results of a social intervention can be justified by its expense.

2. Intervention: One-on-one intervention with first-time mothers to increase the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.

3. Mean Months Exclusive Breastfeeding
Pre-Intervention
Post-Intervention
Change
1.5
4.0
+2.5
Conclusion: The intervention produced the intended result.

4. Intervention 1: One-on-one intervention with first-time mothers to increase the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cost = $2,500
Intervention 2: One-on-one intervention plus phone support with first-time mothers to increase the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cost = $3,200

5. Cost-Effectiveness
Cost-Effectiveness Ratio = total cost / effectiveness Intervention 1 costs $2,500 and results in a mean of 4 months of exclusive breastfeeding. $2,500 / 4 = $625 Intervention 2 costs $3,200 and results in a mean of 7 months of exclusive breastfeeding. $3,200 / 7 = $457

6. Cost-Effectiveness Ratio
Intervention 1
$2,500 4
$625
Intervention 2
$3,200 7
$457
Conclusion: Intervention 2, while more costly, is more cost effective.

7. Can Intervention 2 be justified by its expense?

8. Cost-Benefit
Net Benefit = total benefits – total costs Total costs of intervention = $3,200 Total benefits to mother and child = $5,600 Net Benefit = $5,600 - $3,200 = $2,400 Conclusion: Yes, Intervention 2 is justified by its expense