1. Week 10
Modals

2. Week 10 Modals must (U31) have to (U31) must (U32) mustn’t (U32)
needn’t (U32)
should (U33)
ought to (U33)
should (U34)
had better (U35)
it’s time (U35)
can (U36)
could (U36)
would you (U36)
can (U26)
could (U26)
(be) able to (U26)
could (do) (U27)
could have (done) (U27)
must (U28)
can’t (U28)
may (U29)
might (U29)
may (U30)
might (U30)

3. Use your phone to take pictures of the modal lists on the next four slides. You will use the lists for an activity later in the class.

4. Week 10 Modals and Modality (U26-28)
Modal (Unit #)
Modality #1
Modality #2
can (U26A)
Possibility
Ability (present)
could (U26B,C)
Possibility (past)
Ability (general)
(be) able to (U26B,C)
Ability (particular situation)
couldn’t (could not) (U26C)
Ability
could (do) (U27B)
Possible action now or in future
could have (done) (U27B,C,D)
Possible (but didn’t happen)
Ability (but didn’t materialize)
must (U28A), must have (U28B)
Certainty
Past certainty
can’t, can’t have, couldn’t have (U28A,B)
Certainty (that something’s not possible)

5. Week 10 Modals and Modality (U-29-30 )
Modal (Unit #)
Modality #1
Modality #2
may U29A, may not, may have (U29A,B)
Possibility
might U29A, not, might have (U29A,B)
may (U30A)
Possible actions or happenings (future)
might (U30AB)
Possible actions (real situation)
may/might be + -ing (U30C)
Possible plans
might as well / may as well (U30D)
Possibility (stronger)

6. Week 10 Modals and Modality (U-31-33 )
Modal (Unit #)
Modality #1
Modality #2
must, mustn’t (U31A)
Necessity (express personal feelings)
Necessity (present/future)
have to (U31A,B) have got to (U31D)
Necessity (just a fact, impersonally expressed)
Necessity (all tenses)
(don’t) have to (U31C)
Not Necessary
must (U32A)
Necessity
mustn’t (U32A)
needn’t (U32A,B) (U32B,C,D—extensions of needn’t)
should (U33A,B)
Advice
Opinion
should have (done) U33C)
Opinion (past situation)
ought to (U33D)

7. Week 10 Modals and Modality (U-34-36 )
Modal (Unit #)
Modality #1
Modality #2
should (U34A,B,C,D) (Description of some word-specific uses)
Advice / Opinion
Possibility (U34D)
had better (U35A,B)
Advisable or Warning for particular situation)
it’s time (U35C)
Necessity
Complain or criticize
can (U36A,B,D)
Requests / Offers
could (U36B,C)
Asking for permission
may, can (U36C,D)
Asking for things or permission
Offering to do things
would you (U36E)
Offering
Inviting

8. Two Online Quizzes
Online Exercises

9. Two More Online Quizzes
Online Exercises

10. *Judged by # of failed attempts by classmates
In- Class Activity
With your partner, write one sentence on a piece of paper. The sentence should include a blank in which only ONE modal could possibly work (according to the rules in the book).
You will be asked to write your two sentences with the blanks on the board. Therefore, do not show the answer to anyone!
Creators of the most difficult sentence* win a small prize!
*Judged by # of failed attempts by classmates

11. Homework
Quia Week 10 Quiz – Modals (after Saturday 9 a.m. until Sunday, 7 p.m.)
Review Units 52 – 57 in Week 11 and do all textbook exercises for the six Units.
Midterm Vocabulary List will be sent next week– begin reviewing to make sure you understand the meaning of all the words
Student Teachers for Weeks 10 and 11– prepare your work