1. Biological Molecules

2. Large molecules
Biological molecules are large molecules that are made up from smaller basic units.

3. You need to know about 3 types:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

4. C6H12O6 Carbohydrates Made from the elements: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
For example, the formula for glucose is:
C6H12O6

5. Glucose

6. Starch is made from lots of sugar
Many glucose molecules are joined to form starch:

7. Glycogen is also made from simple sugars
Many glucose molecules are joined to form glycogen:

8. Test for simple sugars
Benedict’s test

9. Test for starch
Using iodine

10. Proteins “CHONS” Proteins contain the elements: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur (small amounts)
“CHONS”

12. Proteins are long chains of amino acids
There are twenty different kinds of amino acids, they join in long chains to form proteins.

13. Lipids Lipids are also called fats or oils.
They contain the same elements as carbohydrates:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

14. Lipids are made of four molecules
One is called glycerol:
Attached to glycerol are three fatty acids:

15. Making up a lipid molecule