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Renaissance.

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Presentation on theme: "Renaissance."— Presentation transcript:

1 Renaissance

2 Write a definition for the word, ‘rebirth’
Do Now Write a definition for the word, ‘rebirth’

3 Beginning of the Renaissance - 1400’s
The Renaissance was an age of recovery from the disasters of the 14th century (the plague, political problems, and a decline of Church power) Why the Renaissance started: Cities grew larger and wealthier Trade increased Newly wealthy merchants and bankers supported the growth of the arts and learning Learning and artwork drew from aspects of ancient Greece and Rome

4 What was the Renaissance?
The Renaissance was a cultural movement and a time of renewal (Europe was recovering from the Dark Ages and the Black Death/Bubonic Plague) Renaissance means “rebirth” of classical knowledge and “birth” of the modern world (new intellectual and artistic ideas that developed marked the beginning of the modern world)

5 Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy Italian Cities were major Trading Centers Secular (worldly) Movement After the plague killed millions, people lost their faith in the church People began to focus on themselves (Humanism) and material possessions

6 Italian City-States Italy failed to become united during the Dark Ages, so many independent city-states emerged in Italy. Each city-state was controlled by a powerful family who would help finance artists. Their interest in art and emphasis on personal achievement helped to shape the Italian Renaissance. Example: The Medici family of Florence, Italy ranked among the richest merchants and bankers in Europe; they ruled Florence for over 70 years.

7 Political Ideas of the Renaissance
Niccolò Machiavelli ( ) An Italian Philosopher and Writer Wrote: The Prince Machiavelli believed: “One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit” Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for how to gain and maintain power. Believed in Absolute Rule He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience.

8 Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved
Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making Ruler keeps power by any means necessary The end justifies the means Be good when possible, and evil when necessary Today, the term “Machiavellian” refers to the use of deceit in politics

9 The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature.

10 New Techniques also emerged.
Renaissance artists embraced some of the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome in their art. The purpose of art would no longer be to glorify God, as it had been in Medieval Europe. Artists wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion. New Techniques also emerged.

11 1. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427
First nudes since classical times.

12 2. Perspective First use of linear perspective! Perspective!
The Trinity Masaccio 1427 Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

13 3. Emphasis on Individualism
Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca,

14 4. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
Leonardo da Vinci 1469 The figure as architecture! The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate

15 5. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Sfumato: gradual blending of one area of color into another without a sharp outline Chiaroscuro: use of light and shade Ginevra de' Benci, a young Florentine noblewoman who, at the age of sixteen, married Luigi Niccolini in 1474.

16 He was a sculptor, painter, engineer, architect, and poet.

17 Michelangelo created his masterpiece David in 1504.
The Biblical shepherd, David (who killed Goliath) recalls the harmony and grace of ancient Greek tradition

18 What a difference a century makes!

19 Sistine Chapel About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Depicts the biblical history of the world from the Creation to the Flood

20 Separation of Light and Darkness
Creation of Adam Creation of Eve The Last Judgment Separation of Light and Darkness

21 Pieta 1499 Marble Sculpture
Captures the sorrow of the Virgin Mary as she cradles her dead son, Jesus on her knees

22 Moses

23 He was a painter, sculptor, architect, mathematician, and engineer
He was a painter, sculptor, architect, mathematician, and engineer

24 Mona Lisa ( )

25 Jesus and his apostles on the night before the crucifixion
The Last Supper ( ) Jesus and his apostles on the night before the crucifixion

26 Notebooks Leonardo da Vinci dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work

27 Raphael He was a Painter 1483-1520

28 An imaginary gathering of great thinkers and scientists
The School of Athens Perspective Subjects are mainly secular, but can be religious Figures look idealized, but can also look like everyday ordinary people Bodies are active Clothed or unclothed Faces are expressive Detail 1510 Fresco Vatican City An imaginary gathering of great thinkers and scientists

29 Pythagoras Plato and Aristotle Socrates

30 Raphael (back) Euclid Zoroaster & Ptolemy

31 Northern Renaissance The Renaissance soon spread to other countries north of Italy Printed materials helped to spread ideas Printing Press invented by Johannes Guttenburg First book printed: The Bible Printing Press led to more well known writers Literacy rates increased

32 Petrarch he was a Poet, Humanist scholar
Assembled Greek and Roman writings Wrote: Sonnets to Laura (Love poems in the Vernacular) Influenced William Shakespeare

33 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 English poet and playwright
Well-known plays : Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet Influence and Impact on the Renaissance: He expanded the dramatic potential of characterization (his characters were very complex), plot, language (creative), and genre

34 Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) He was a Writer and a Humanist
Wrote: Utopia A book about a perfect society in which men and women live in harmony, there is no private property, no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing criminals

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