1. THE ROMANS CREATE A REPUBLIC
Ch. 6 Sec. 1
THE ROMANS CREATE A REPUBLIC

2. GEOGRAPHIC SETTINGS
ITALY is on the ITALIAN PENINSULA
North – Alps
Surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea
West - Tyrrhenian Sea
East – Adriatic Sea
*The central location of the peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean region

3. THE BEGINNINGS OF ROME
LEGEND HAS IT THAT TWO BROTHERS FOUNDED THE CITY OF ROME
753 B.C.
ROMULUS & REMUS

4. CITY OF ROME BUILT ON “SEVEN HILLS” PALATINE HILLS
It was in the center of the peninsula, which gave them a chance to control all of Italy

5. GREEK CONTRIBUTIONS ALPHABET RELIGION (ZEUS IS JUPITER)
50 EARLY GREEK COLONIES

6. EARLY REPUBLIC
Republic = *Representative Democracy-decisions were made primarily by representatives who are elected and then vote on behalf of the people
*POWER RESTS WITH THE CITIZENS WHO HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE AND SELECT THEIR LEADERS
Two groups struggled for power in the new republic:

7. Two groups fight for power:
PATRICIANS – ARISTOCRATIC CLASS OF LANDOWNERS

8. Two groups fight for power:
PLEBIANS – THE COMMON FARMERS, ARTISANS, & MERCHANTS THEY WERE THE MAJORITY

9. Who won the power struggle?
At first the patricians held most of the power.
Overtime, the plebeians got the right to form their own assembly: Assembly of Tribes.

10. Basis for Roman Law The Twelve tables was the basis for Roman law.
Set of rules that said all FREE citizens were protected by the law.
publically displayed
*Roman system of justice was considered a milestone because it served as a model for many later European legal systems.

11. Roman Government Part One: Two Consuls, or officials Elected each year
They led the government and the army

12. Roman Government Second part, The Roman Senate
MOST IMPORTANT OF THE THREE
300 PATRICIANS FOR LIFE
LAW MAKING BODY

13. Important vocabulary word:
*VETO- ability to over-rule or cancel vote

14. Roman Government
The third, and most democratic part were the assemblies.
Included members from all parts of society
citizen soldiers and plebeians
Could also make laws

15. Roman Principles of Law
All persons are entitled to equal treatment under the law.
People are innocent until proven guilty
People should be punished for actions, not thoughts
The burden of proof rest on the accuser, not the accused.
Which one of these are seen in our legal system today????

16. *Impact on Western Civilization
*Roman’s granted equal treatment under the law--- This is an example of civil and natural law that impacted Western Civilization

17. If there was a crisis: Senate could name a dictator HAD ABSOLUTE POWER
Made laws and commanded the
army.
6 month term only.

18. THE ROMAN ARMY
EVERY ADULT MALE CITIZEN (had to own land) was expected to serve in military
Organized into 5000 man units called Legions
Well trained and heavily armed

19. Rome Spreads Its Power 4th century B.C. Rome began to get larger
Within 150 years Rome had conquered all of Italy
Rome allowed some of the conquered people benefits of citizenship
Rome saw growth of trade
Brought it in conflict with CARTHAGE (trading city in north Africa)

20. Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage
From 264 to 146 B.C.
Famous Carthaginian general, Hannibal
Invaded Rome through Alps, on elephants!
Hannibal was never able to capture Rome
Roman General, Scipio, defeated him in Africa
Carthage was destroyed
“salt was plowed into the ground” to forever destroy the city.
People forced into slavery
Carthage made Roman province

21. War Elephants

22. Mastery Check:
Which of these forms of government is NOT in the United States?
Representative Democracy
Direct Democracy