1. Becoming an Industrial Nation

2. What are some inventions that have recently come out that have changed the way people live their lives?

3. Age on Invention

4. New Ideas & New Inventions
Late 1800s was a time when new inventions and technology spurred industrial expansion in the U.S.
This era dramatically altered manufacturing, transportation, and the way Americans lived
Known as the Second
Industrial Revolution

5. Made from transformation of iron ore Steel is much stronger than iron
Unknown metal in the 1800s
Made from transformation of iron ore
Bessemer Process
Steel is much stronger than iron

6. Oil The existence of crude oil was known for hundreds of years
Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well in the U.S. in 1859 near Titusville, PA
In the late 1800s, crude oil
began to be refined
The main industrial use of oil came
with the creation of petroleum

7. Horseless Carriages & Engines
Nikolaus A. Otto invented the first internal combustion engine in 1876
Powered by gasoline
Led to more advanced horseless carriages
Horse Power???

8. Internal combustion engines also led to advances in flight
Airplanes
Internal combustion engines also led to advances in flight
Orville and Wilbur Wright (Wright Brothers)
December 17, 1903
Kitty Hawk, N.C.

9. What makes sense now????

10. Telegraphs soon grew to be an
Samuel Morse developed the telegraph as a means of communicating over wires with electricity
He filed for a patent in 1837, which is a guarantee to protect an inventor’s right to make, use, or sell the invention
Telegraphs soon grew to be an
important means of
communication in the 1800s.

11. Telephone Because of me, now people can sing……
By the end of the 1800s, more than a million telephones had been installed in homes and businesses across the U.S.
Alexander Graham Bell patented the “talking telegraph” in 1876

12. Typewriter Importance for women in the workforce?
Christopher Sholes (1867)
Importance for women in the workforce?
Businesses create whole departments

13. Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was a very important inventor in American history
By the time he died, Edison held over 1,000 patents
In 1876, he set up a workshop in Menlo Park, New Jersey
His nickname was the “Wizard of Menlo Park”

14. Hypothetical Situation
A group of computer hackers have successfully hacked into all the electric companies across the United States and have halted the flow of electricity across the country. In a panic, millions of Americans flood the stores in search of batteries and portable generators. You and your family are not one of the lucky families to acquire a generator or extra batteries. You are informed that it is going to take approximately one month for the electric companies to reboot their computer systems and restore the flow of electricity to the country. Essentially you and your family are going to go through a month long blackout.

15. Your assignment is to work in groups of 3 and discuss what life would be like for that month. Try to think of things you use in your everyday life that require any amount of electricity. Also, try to think of things “outside the box” that you use that require electricity. For example, cars would not be able to fill up with gasoline because the pumps are run electronically. Make a list of 10 things and be ready to discuss them.

16. BIG BUSINESS

17. The Rise of Big Business
Corporations
What is it???
An organization owned by many people but treated by the law as though it were a person, making big business possible.
Advantages??
They sell stock (Part ownership in the company)
They can raise large amounts of money
There is no liability to stockholders
They are very stable because they do not depend on just one person

18. Danger of Corporations
Corporations could form Trusts
A Trust could form a Monopoly
A Trust is a group of companies that join together and control a majority of an industry
A Monopoly is a corporation that has 100% control of a single industry

19. Robber Barons EXAMPLES…
Industrial Giants who earned huge fortunes and power in their respective industries
EXAMPLES…

20. The Real “Man of Steel” – Andrew Carnegie
KRYPTONITE!!!!!!
Not having control of the production of my product at all levels is my…
Used vertical integration to become a steel juggernaut
Sold his business to J.P. Morgan for $450 million – became U.S. Steel Corporation

21. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Trust
My Kryptonite is competition!!!
Rockefeller and many other businessmen felt that competition was the greatest hindrance to the modern economy
Horizontal Integration
Forming Trusts

22. Horizontal Integration

23. Advertising
What’s the purpose???

24. Advertising Homework: What are your favorite advertisement and why?
List your 3 favorite advertisements and explain why you like it.

25. The Rise of Labor Unions

26. What is Social Darwinism?
An economic belief – supposedly based on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection –holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest
WE LOVE THIS IDEA!!!!!
Rockefeller
Carnegie
Vanderbilt

27. Working Class
The industrialization of America created a huge demand for labor
Many positions were filled by immigrants looking to build a better life
I hear there are a lot of jobs here in America!!!!
Other positions were filled by Southern African Americans, women, and children
-In the late 1800’s, 20% of American children between ages 10 – 15 worked for wages

28. Working Conditions HORRIBLE!!!!!
Workers worked hour shifts, 6 days a week, for less than $10 a week.
Laborers were often fatigued due to such long hours, which caused the risk of injury or death to increase.
In 1881, approximately 30,000 railroad workers were killed or injured.

29. Company Towns
In these towns the company controlled the housing and the retail businesses workers used.
Employers sometimes set up company towns in order to gain more control over workers.
Workers who lived in these towns were paid in currency that could only be used in the company town.

30. By 1890, 10% of the population controlled 75% of the nation’s wealth
Laissez-Faire
HANDS OFF
(THE GOVERNMENT,DESPITE THE PASSAGE OF THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT, WAS DOING LITTLE TO STOP THE MISTREATMENT OF WORKERS)
POOR
WEALTHY
As a result of the government’s neglect of the worker, the gap between the wealthy and poor was widening
By 1890, 10% of the population controlled 75% of the nation’s wealth

31. Workers Organize The only way to stop their plight was by organizing
Formed the Knights of Labor
Uriah Stephens
Became leader of the K.O.L. and membership skyrocketed
Terrence Powderly

32. The Great Upheaval
1886
Intense strikes and violent labor confrontations
1,500 strikes involving approximately 400,000 workers
Haymarket Riot in Chicago

33. Lists of union supporters, who would not be allowed to work
Employers Fight Back
Blacklist
Lockout
NOT…
If workers did strike, many employers locked the union members out and brought in nonunion workers, also known as scabs, to perform their jobs
These measures alarmed skilled laborers an as a result they broke away and joined the American Federation of Labor, founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886.
Lists of union supporters, who would not be allowed to work

34. The government stepped in to
Infamous Strikes
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike
16 people were killed
The government stepped in to
end the strike