1. - + Thermodynamics Thermo = heat or energy dynamics = movement System
Surroundings

2. Open systems - Closed systems + Isolated systems mass and energy
Surroundings
no exchange

3. P.E.grav = mass x g x height
Energy
Internal Energy = E
E =
Kinetic Energy
+ Potential Energy
energy due to motion
energy due to position
K.E. = 1/2 mv2
P.E.grav = mass x g x height

4. Kinetic Potential Energy

5. Kinetic Energy K.E. = 1/2 mv2 degrees of freedom = 3n K.E. K.E. K.E.
total
K.E.
translation
K.E.
rotation
K.E.
vibration = + +
K.E.translation
 Temperature
(K)

6. Kinetic Energy K.E. = 1/2 mv2 K.E. K.E. K.E. K.E. K.E. = + + total
translation
K.E.
rotation
K.E.
rotation
K.E.
vibration = + +

7. Potential Energy - - - - - P.E.  Q1Q2 r Q = charge r = distance+ - r - -
Q =
charge + +
r =
distance
P.E.total =
P.E.
n-n
+ P.E.
e-e
+ P.E.
n-e
+ P.E.
IMF - - + +
negative P.E. is:
a) stable
b) unstable

8. Potential Energy - - P.E.reactants P.E.products Chemical changes
P.E.total =
P.E.
n-n
+ P.E.
e-e
+ P.E.
n-e
+ P.E.
IMF - - + +
CH4
+ 2O2
 CO2
+ 2H2O C H O H
O=O
O=C=O + +
a) <
b) >
c) =
P.E.reactants
P.E.products

9. Potential Energy chemical changes
b) >
c) =
P.E.reactants
P.E.products
products
reactants
( T )
K.E.
P.E.
reactants
products

10. Potential Energy - P.E.total = P.E. n-n + P.E. n-e e-e IMF +
physical changes
chemical changes

11. Potential Energy Physical changes
Q1Q2 r
Intermolecular forces:
ion-ion
Na+
Cl- O H d- O H O H
H-bond d+
Na+
ion-dipole O H d- O H d+
Cl-
LDF Cl C H d+
dipole-dipole d+ d-
O=C=O d- d- Cl C H d+ d-