1. Lesson 15.1: Growing Tensions Between North and South

2. ESSENTIAL QUESTION
In what ways did disagreements between the North & the South, especially over the issue of slavery, lead to political conflict?

3. Vocabulary free labor:
those who work for a salary as opposed to slave labor.
immigrant:
a person who moves to another country from his or her native land
economy:
how a country or its people make money
Abolitionist:
a person who supported Abolition, or ending slavery.

4. What We Already Know…
Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin had led to the growth of cotton plantations across the South.

5. What We Already Know…
The expansion of cotton cultivation also caused slavery to expand across the South.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

6. What We Already Know…
An abolitionist movement dedicated to ending slavery had grown more widespread and more aggressive during the 1830s and ’40s.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

7. What We Already Know…
During the 1840s and ’50s, millions of immigrants had come to the United States and most had settled in the North.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

8. How did the North and the South take different economic paths?
Copy the following onto the bottom half seven lines of Portfolio page 5.
How did the North and the South take different economic paths?
The North
The South

9. The North and South Took Completely Different Paths
Rapid population growth from immigration.
Population continued to expand westward.
Railroads and canals linked east & west.
Had large
industrial growth.
Fluid society

10. The North and South Took Completely Different Paths
Dependence on cotton lead to expansion of slavery.
Cotton profits invested in more slaves instead of industrialization.
Rigid social structure.
Plantation culture.
Support from non slave owners .

11. A and B Discuss
With the up coming war between the North and the South who do you think will have the advantage? Why?
Be prepared to share your answers.

12. Antislavery
The issue of slavery caused tension between the North and the South.
In the north, Abolitionists believed that slavery was unjust and should be abolished immediately.
Many others who opposed slavery took a less extreme position.

13. Antislavery
Some Northern workers and immigrants opposed slavery because it was an economic threat to them. They feared factory owners
would replace
them with slaves
since slaves did
not need to be
paid.

14. RACISM
Despite opposing slavery, most Northerners, even abolitionists, were racist by modern standards. Many whites refused to go to
school with, work
with, or live near
African Americans. In most states, even Free African
Americans
could not vote.

15. RACISM Southerner’s defense of slavery:
White people were simply superior to blacks.
If it weren’t for slavery, these people would never have been introduced to Christianity.
Slaves were provided with food shelter and clothing.

16. Get your sticks ready.

17. Take out a red stick and a green stick.
You will be asked several true false questions.
WHEN ASKED hold you a green stick if your think the answer is TRUE, or a red stick if you think the answer is FALSE.

18. 1.
There was not enough money in the southern states to invest in new industries.

19. 2.
With great wealth coming from cotton, the southerners thought investing in manufacturing industries was unnecessary.

20. 3.
Plantations were so profitable, planters invested in slaves instead of industry. As a result, the South developed little industry.

21. 4.
Some northerners opposed slavery because they were fearful that slaves may take their jobs and work for free.

22. 5.
Racism existed in both the north and the south.

23. MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820
When Missouri applied for statehood in 1819 Congress was seriously divided over the question of whether Missouri should be admitted as a slave or free state.

24. MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820
At the same time, Maine wanted admission as a state apart from Massachusetts. The Compromise said Maine would be admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.. However…

25. MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820
…an amendment was added that extended the line marking the southern boundary of Missouri westward. This line, the 36°30' parallel, would be
the determining
boundary between
free and slave lands.

26. MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820
Everything north of the line would be free soil, and everything south would be open to the spread of slavery. This became a part of the final version of
the Missouri
Compromise of
1820.

27. MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820
For nearly thirty years, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 governed how slavery was dealt with in new lands and new states admitted to the Union. Yet, by the 1850s, the situation had become so tense that the compromise line could no longer hold things together.

28. War With Mexico 1846
When the United States went to war with Mexico in Many Northerners believed that Southerners
wanted to take territory
from Mexico in order to
extend slavery. The result
of the War was the United
States gained a huge
amount of land know as the Mexican Cession.

29. Wilmot Proviso
Some feared that slavery would be extended into the land won in the War with Mexico.
Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania proposed a bill, known as the Wilmot Proviso, to outlaw slavery in any territory the United States might gain from the War with Mexico.

30. Wilmot Proviso
Slaveholders believed that Congress had no right to prevent them from bringing slaves into any of the territories. They viewed slaves as property.
The Constitution, they
claimed, gave equal
protection to the property
rights of all U.S. citizens.

31. Wilmot Proviso
Even though the Wilmot Proviso never became law, it had important effects. It led to the creation of the Free-Soil Party, a political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery. The party’s slogan expressed its ideals—“Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men.” Slavery became a key political issue.

32. Controversy over Territories
By 1848, as the nation’s leaders were debating how to deal with slavery in the lands gained from the War with Mexico. The discovery of gold in California brought thousands of people into that territory. There
would soon be
enough people
in California for
it to apply for
statehood.

33. Controversy over Territories
In 1850 California applied for statehood as a free state.
California’s admission would upset the free state-slave state balance in the Senate.
Southerners felt that statehood for California threatened their way of life.

34. Compromise of 1850 As he did in 1850, Henry Clay drew up another

35. Compromise of 1850 1. California would enter as a free state.
2. A new fugitive slave law was introduced.
3. In Washington D.C. slave trade would be banned.
4. No laws restricting slavery in the rest of the Mexican Cession would be introduced..

36. Fugitive Slave Act
People accused of being fugitives could be held without an arrest warrant.
Instead of a jury trial, a federal commissioner ruled on each case.
The commissioner received five dollars for releasing the defendant and ten dollars for turning the defendant over to a slaveholder.

37. Compromise of 1850
Daniel Webster, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, lent his support to Clay’s compromise bill in a very passionate speech.
With passage still in doubt, Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas campaigned hard to get each piece passed individually.

38. Compromise of 1850
Once the Compromise became law, some people celebrated, believing that it had saved the Union. But it would be a celebration short lived.

39. Get your sticks ready.

40. Which of the following does not show how the economies were different between the North and the South by the mid 1800s.
A. Many northern factories used immigrant labor to produce their goods.
B. The Southern economy was more dependent on immigrant labor than the northern economy.
C. The North relied on free labor and was increasingly industrialized.
D. The South remained agricultural and used slaves as its primary labor force.

41. Northern workers and immigrants opposed slavery because.
A. It made the South too wealthy and powerful.
B. It was morally wrong.
C. they feared that would lose their jobs to slaves who weren’t paid.
D. slavery prevented them from getting jobs in the South.

42. The War with Mexico led to additional conflict between the North and the South because…
A. Most of the soldiers were Southerners who resented having to do most of the fighting.
B. The gained thousands of new slaves captured in Mexico.
C. It lead to arguments about whether slavery would be permitted in the newly won territory.
D. Southerners refused to pay taxes for a war they did not support.

43. Slaveholders opposed the Wilmot Proviso because the bill
A. would prevent them from taking their slaves into newly gained territories.
B. would have raised taxes on cotton and slaves.
C. declared slavery a moral evil.
D. was written by Northern abolitionists.

44. The Compromise of 1850 included all of the following except
A. a strong fugitive slave law.
B. admission of Kansas to the union as a slave state.
C. the freedom for new territories to decide for themselves to be admitted as free or slave.
D. California’s admission as a free state.

45. A and B Discuss
Do you think slavery would have done well in the territory known as the Mexican Cession? Why or why not?
Be prepared to share your answers.

46. Copy the following onto the top fifteen lines of Portfolio page 6.
The Mexican War
The Mexican Cession
Fears of new slave states
Wilmot Proviso defeated
Wilmot Proviso introduced
Congress divided
Free Soil Party formed
Wilmot Proviso introduced
Congress divided
Fears of new slave states
The Mexican War
Wilmot Proviso defeated
The Mexican Cession
Free Soil Party formed