1. Arthropoda

2. Exoskeleton Composition Advantages
Chitin – cross-linked polysaccharides
Protein and lipids
Calcium salts – very hard
Advantages
Protection
Muscle attachment
Joints
Wings

3. Exoskeleton – Laminated Structure
Epicuticle
Protein and lipids
Procuticle
Exocuticle
Secreted before molt
Endocuticle
Secreted after molt

4. Ecdysis

5. Open circulatory system
Haemocoel filled with haemolymph

6. Digestive System Foregut Midgut Hindgut
Mouth, esophagus, crop, gizzard
Grinding and storage
Midgut
Stomach and gastric ceca (increases surface area)
Digestion and most absorption
Hindgut
Intestine, rectum, anus

7. Excretion Malpighian Tubules Extensions off of the intestine
Project into the haemocoel
Exchanges waste with haemolymph

8. Form Crustacea Subphylum Crustacea Aquatic Tagmata Cephalothorax
Head fused to thorax
Covered by carapace
Thorax
Abdomen

9. Form Crustacea Sensory structures Nauplius eyes – larval eyes
Compound eyes
Two pairs of antennae

10. Form Crustacea Biramous appendages Branched
Each segment often has appendages

11. Form Crustacea

12. Form Pterygote Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta Winged Insects
Terrestrial

13. Form Pterygote Order Mallophaga
Biting/Chewing lice

14. Form Pterygote Order Anoplura
Sucking lice

15. Form Pterygote Order Hempitera
Family Reduviidae
Reduviid bugs
Family Cimicidae
Bed bugs

16. Form Pterygote Order Siphonaptera
Fleas

17. Form Pterygote Order Diptera
Flies and mosquitoes

18. Form Pterygote Tagmata Head Thorax – Pro, Meso, Meta Abdomen
Six Legs and two or four wings
Abdomen

19. Form Pterygote Sensory structures One pair of antennae
Compound eyes and ocelli

20. Form of Pterygote Respiration Tracheae Network of tubules
Open to outside – Spiracles
Branch into fine tracheoles
Supported by bands of chitin

21. Form Acari
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Arachnida
Mites and ticks

22. Form Acari Tagmata Most feed by sucking fluid from prey or host
Cephalothorax
Abdomen
Most feed by sucking fluid from prey or host
Book lungs

23. Form Acari Six pairs of appendages 1 pair chelicera 1 pair pedipalp
Often develop into fangs or pincers
1 pair pedipalp
4 pair walking legs