1. Ch. 13-PART ONE—GODWIN
To treat the problem of crime and punishment in Germany, a fine called a wergild, meaning “money for a man” was paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person he/she injured or killed.

2. *What are the Middle Ages?
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: – 1250
Late Middle Ages:

3. *AKA: the “dark” ages
Loss of common language-invaders spoke a different dialect of Latin. French and Spanish develop..
Loss of education-invaders are uneducated; clergy (church officials) are the most educated.

4. *The Blood Feud Small communities with their own traditions and rules.
Family ties and personal loyalty are common within Germanic tribes.
Small communities with their own traditions and rules.
Ultimate loyalty to the “lord”

5. Ordeal Based on the idea of divine intervention
Involved a physical trait (example: holding a red-hot iron) the idea is that divine forces would not allow an innocent person to be harmed. If the accused person went unharmed, it was presumed that he/she was innocent.

6. Bad girls…
When women committed crime, their fathers or their husbands were punished depending on their marital status.
this is when last names became important!
the Mommy-to-be is #1!
Women changed their last names so people could recognize who would be held responsible for her actions-her husband or her father.
-women who were pregnant were considered the most important in Germanic tribes, when they had the child they went back down to being less important than men.

7. Show me the money-
War lords provide everything for their warriors who fight to the death for him.
Everything is based on “gift giving”
Wedding rings
Gift giving: guys go raid a town, all the warriors bring the goods to the war lord who then distributes it to his men according to their performance in battle. This is done as almost a ceremony and it ensures their loyalty. Wedding rings become popular at this time, they’re placed on the left “ring” finger b/c this is the finger thought to lead directly to the heart.

8. *Mere Christianity…
Clovis- Wife urged him to convert to Christianity, he converts his army.
Benedict-work and pray, monasteries.
Gregory I-papacy becomes powerful in secular world.

9. *The Carolingians are coming!
Started with Pepin the Short
2 sons: Carloman and Charles (called Charlemagne)
Carloman dies, Charles takes over and builds a strong kingdom
Pepin the Short kind of MADE the pope anoint him king…
Charlemagne has over 80 kids-
he makes sure to surround himself by educated people-maintained control of his kingdom by making visits to every part of his kingdom, settled disputes, etc.

10. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

11. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

13. *Treaty of Verdun
Charlemagne’s 3 grandsons go to war over the empire-Lothair, Charles the Bald and Louis the German.
Eventually the empire is divided into 3 parts which weakens the Carolingian kings-new system of government emerges…

14. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

15. Questions… Why are the middle ages called “dark ages”?
Who were the most important people in Germanic tribes?
Why is Clovis important?
Who is Charlemagne?
What is the Treaty of Verdun?