1. America in the 1980s and 1990s (1980-1999)
Lesson 4 A New Era in Foreign Policy

2. America in the 1980s and 1990s (1980-1999)
Lesson 4 A New Era in Foreign Policy
Learning Objectives
Analyze why George H.W. Bush decided to use force in some foreign disputes and not in others.
Summarize the Persian Gulf War and its results.
Explain why Bill Clinton won the presidency in 1992.
Assess the foreign policy goals and actions of the Clinton administration.
Describe U.S. relations with various Middle Eastern countries and groups.

3. America in the 1980s and 1990s (1980-1999)
Lesson 4 A New Era in Foreign Policy
Key Terms
Manuel Noriega
Tiananmen Square
apartheid
Nelson Mandela
divested
Operation Desert Storm
William Jefferson Clinton
H. Ross Perot
ethnic cleansing
al Qaeda

4. Bush Forges a New Role in the World
When the Cold War came to an end, many Americans hoped that a new era of peace would dawn. Yet, America’s foreign policy during the Bush years demonstrated that the end of the Cold War would not lead to a new era of peace, but instead to a dangerous era of regional conflicts.

5. Bush Forges a New Role in the World
Political Changes and the War on Drugs in Latin America
China Resists Calls for Democracy
Pressures Force Changes in South Africa
U.S. Works for Peace and Human Rights

6. Bush Forges a New Role in the World
President Bush and First Lady Barbara Bush visit American troops in Saudi Arabia in 1990.

7. The Persian Gulf War
The most important foreign-policy challenge faced by the Bush administration took place in the Persian Gulf. On August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded its tiny neighbor Kuwait. Nearly 150,000 Iraqi troops quickly overran Kuwaiti forces.

8. The Persian Gulf War A Dictator’s Thirst for Power Leads to War
U.S. Spearheads Operation Desert Storm
Lasting Effects of the War

9. The Persian Gulf War
Hypothesize Why was Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990 considered such a threat by so many nations?

10. The Persian Gulf War
Analyze Maps What nations did Saddam Hussein retaliate against during the Persian Gulf War?

11. Clinton Wins the 1992 Election
After the 1991 Persian Gulf War ended, President George H.W. Bush’s approval rating reached 91 percent. In less than one year, however, public opinion had changed. Saddam Hussein had stayed in power, continuing to threaten peace in the Middle East. The American economy had gone into recession and the federal deficit had risen. People were angered by Bush’s betrayal of his 1988 campaign pledge not to raise taxes. Bush’s sinking popularity opened up the way for the Democratic challenge.

12. Clinton Wins the 1992 Election
“New Democrats” Emerge
Winning the White House

13. Clinton Wins the 1992 Election
Democratic presidential candidate Bill Clinton and his wife Hillary speak to supporters during the 1992 presidential campaign.

14. Clinton Wins the 1992 Election
Analyze Information What was Ross Perot’s impact on the 1992 election?

15. Clinton Intervenes With Mixed Success
When Bill Clinton became president, the more than 40-year-old American foreign policy of fighting communism had just ended. The United States needed to develop a role for itself in the post–Cold War world. Americans were willing to provide economic aid, as they did to nations of the former Soviet Union. But many of them questioned military intervention abroad, fearing a costly commitment like the Vietnam War. With violence surging in regional conflicts throughout the world, however, Clinton found it necessary to intervene. He did so with mixed success.

16. Clinton Intervenes With Mixed Success
U.S. Intervention in Somalia and Haiti
U.S. Involvement in the Balkans Crisis
Clinton Galvanizes NATO Forces
The Rwanda Genocide

17. Clinton Intervenes With Mixed Success
U.S. Staff Sergeant Marwan Binni held a Somali child while touring an orphanage during the multinational intervention in Somalia.

18. Clinton Intervenes With Mixed Success
Analyze Maps From the map, which republic appears to have the potential to be the strongest? Consider not only size, but location of the former capital of Yugoslavia.

19. America and the Middle East in the 1990s
In the 1990s, Israel’s military responded to attacks by Palestinians. The level of violence grew increasingly fierce. Meanwhile, instability had increased in the region as a whole. As Clinton worked to address it, violence originating in the region spread outward, with the United States increasingly a target.

20. America and the Middle East in the 1990s
Small Steps Toward Peace in Israel
Terrorists Hit U.S. Targets

21. America and the Middle East in the 1990s
Analyze Maps What city is located on the border between Israeli and Palestinian territory?

22. America and the Middle East in the 1990s
In 1993, Islamist terrorists detonated a bomb in the parking garage of the World Trade Center in New York City, intending to destroy the buildings.

23. Quiz: Bush Forges a New Role in the World
Why did President Bush send thousands of U.S. troops to invade Panama in 1989?
A. to arrest Panama’s corrupt dictator
B. to establish free elections in Panama
C. to end Panama’s devastating civil war
D. to gain control of resources in Panama

24. Quiz: The Persian Gulf War
What was the goal of Operation Desert Storm?
A. to destroy al Qaeda
B. to overthrow Saddam Hussein
C. to thwart the increase of Saudi Arabian power
D. to prevent Iraq from gaining control of oil reserves

25. Quiz: Clinton Wins the 1992 Election
Voters were attracted to the “New Democrats” because they
A. sought to reconcile conservative and liberal ideals.
B. wanted to establish socialist policies and welfare reform.
C. prioritized free trade above all other economic philosophies.
D. championed the traditional liberal policies of taxing and spending.

26. Quiz: Clinton Intervenes With Mixed Success
How did the intervention of NATO affect the Balkans crisis?
A. It quickly brought about a cease-fire.
B. It increased tensions between Serbians and Bosnians.
C. It permanently ended the practice of ethnic cleansing in the region.
D. It established a multinational Bosnia and resolved the region’s conflicts.

27. Quiz: America and the Middle East in the 1990s
What happened when President Clinton invited Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak to Camp David in 2000?
A. The leaders signed a mutual peace agreement.
B. Arafat was dissatisfied with the peace proposals.
C. The leaders planned a strategy to defeat terrorism.
D. Barak refused to attend the meetings at Camp David.