1. Telecommunications & Network
ACM 312 MIS
Week 6

2. Types of Application & System Software

3. Groupware /\ Software Alternatives
Collaborate on group assignments
, discussion groups, databases, video conferencing
Lotus Notes
Novell GroupWise
Microsoft Exchange
Some allow teams to create websites
Windows SharePoint Services, WebSphere
Outsourcing – domestic, offshore
Application service providers – Companies that own, operate, and maintain application software and computer system resources, pay-as-you-go (cloud-like)
Cloud services

4. Open-Source Applications
Open-source software
Source code available for use, study, modification, enhancement and redistribution.
Advantages
Peer review eliminates defects
Speeds changes
Reduction in maintenance and ownership costs
Rapid prototyping and experimentation
Reduces reliance on proprietary vendors
Departure from traditional approach
Business processes not controlled by software logic

5. >Network Concepts<
Interconnected chain, group, or system
Connections created by nodes
Exponential growth
Metcalf’s Law
Usefulness, or utility, of a network
Equals the square of the number of users
More users = more useful

6. Telecommunication Trends

7. Value of Telecommunications Networks

8. Business Use of the Internet

9. Business Value of the Internet

10. Network Alternatives for Company
An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise.
It may consist of many interlinked local area networks and accessible only to an organization's staff.
An extranet is a controlled private network (restricted to authorized users) that uses
Internet technology and
the public telecommunication system
to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses.

11. Intranets as Information Portals

12. <=Extranet Connectivity=>

13. Network Component Alternatives

14. ((( Wireless Technologies )))
Communications Satellites
Geosynchronous orbit
Serve as relay stations
Wireless LANS
Wireless radio-wave technology (Wi-Fi)
Bluetooth
Short-range wireless technology
Other Wireless Systems
Cellular phones, Mobile radio, PDAs
Wireless Web
Smartphones, thin clients in wireless networks

15. Radio frequency identification (RFID)
Use tiny tags with embedded microchips containing data about an item and location, and antenna
Tags transmit radio signals over short distances to special RFID readers, which send data over network to computer for processing
Active RFID: Tags have batteries, data can be rewritten, range is hundreds of feet, more expensive
Passive RFID: Range is shorter, also smaller, less expensive, powered by radio frequency energy
Common uses:
Automated toll-collection
Tracking goods in a supply chain
Requires companies to have special hardware and software
Reduction in cost of tags making RFID viable for many firms

16. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
Networks of hundreds or thousands of interconnected wireless devices embedded into physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces
Devices have built-in processing, storage, and radio frequency sensors and antennas
Require low-power, long-lasting batteries and ability to endure in the field without maintenance
Used to monitor building security, detect hazardous substances in air, monitor environmental changes, traffic, or military activity

17. A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
The small circles represent lower-level nodes and the larger circles represent high-end nodes. Lower level nodes forward data to each other or to higher-level nodes, which transmit data more rapidly and speed up network performance.
FIGURE 7-18
© Prentice Hall 2011

18. Comparing Technologies

19. Network Architectures and Protocols
Rules and procedures
Handshaking
Exchanging predetermined to agree on a protocol
Network Architecture
Master plan of standards
Goal is to promote an open, simple, flexible, and efficient telecommunications environment

20. Key networking technologies
Packet switching
Method of slicing digital messages into parcels (packets), sending packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling packets at destination
Previous circuit-switched networks required assembly of complete point-to-point circuit
Packet switching more efficient use of network’s communications capacity

21. OSI Model Open Systems Interconnection Model
Seven-layer standard for network architectures
Controls how messages should be transmitted
Ensures consistency among products

22. CORPORATE NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
Today’s corporate network infrastructure is a collection of many different networks from the public switched telephone network, to the Internet, to corporate local area networks linking workgroups, departments, or office floors
FIGURE 7-2
© Prentice Hall 2011

23. Virtual Private Network (VPN)

24. A VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK USING THE INTERNET
This VPN is a private network of computers linked using a secure “tunnel” connection over the Internet. It protects data transmitted over the public Internet by encoding the data and “wrapping” them within the Internet Protocol (IP). By adding a wrapper around a network message to hide its content, organizations can create a private connection that travels through the public Internet.

25. CLIENT/SERVER COMPUTING ON THE INTERNET
The Global Internet
CLIENT/SERVER COMPUTING ON THE INTERNET
FIGURE 7-10
© Prentice Hall 2011

26. Web 2.0 Four defining features
Interactivity
Real-time user control
Social participation
User-generated content
Technologies and services behind these features
Cloud computing
Blogs/RSS
Mashups & widgets
Wikis
Social networks

27. Web 3.0 − the Semantic Web Other visions
Effort of W3C to add meaning to existing Web
Make searching more relevant to user
Other visions
More “intelligent” computing
3D Web
Pervasive Web (create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available)
Increase in cloud computing, SaaS
Ubiquitous connectivity between mobile and other access devices
Make Web a more seamless experience

28. SUPPORTING OPERATIONS:RECOVERY
Companies should choose a backup and recovery strategy in line with their goals and operational needs
Backup and Recovery Plan
Backup—An exact copy of a system’s information
Recovery—The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure
Fault tolerance
Failover
Failback

29. SYSTEM RECOVERY
Fault tolerance>> is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of some of its components
Failover>> is switching to a redundant or standby computer server, system, hardware component or network upon the failure or abnormal termination of the previously active application, server, system
Failback>> is the process of restoring VMs and vApps from replicated storage back to a pool on your primary (production) site when the primary site comes back up after a disaster event

30. Disaster Recovery Plan
Hot Site—A separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business
Cold Site—A separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disaster
Warm Site—A separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration

31. Business Continuity Plan
Business Continuity Planning (BCP)—A plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption
Emergency Notification Service—An infrastructure built for notifying people in the event of an emergency