1. REC 1020 Chapter 5 game Time

2. Life Threatening Situations
Ensure Safety:
Make sure the scene is safe
Ask the athlete if you can help
Calm the athlete and advise them not to move
Do not move the athlete unless they are at risk of further injury

3. Do Not remove any of the athlete’s equipment – especially do not move the head or neck
Protect yourself with barriers such as rubber gloves or ventilating mask
Establish a control person

4. Assess Consciousness Is the athlete: alert and oriented?
Confused and disoriented?
Responding appropriately to verbal commands?

5. Responding to touch?
Obtunded – unresponsive to verbal commands, mumbling or moving limbs without purpose?
Unconscious and unresponsive

6. Assume a neck injury If unconscious – assume a neck injury
If there is significant complaint of neck pain
Do not move the athlete’s head or neck
Stabilize the neck in the position found

7. Stabilizing neck

8. Activate Emergency Action Plan
Send a call person to contact emergency medical services and have them report back to you!

9. Primary Survey ABC’s Assess Airway (A)
Look for obstructions in the mouth (mouth guards, gum or athlete’s own tongue
Do finger sweep
If obstruction can not be cleared with sweep – abdominal thrusts may be used
Caution if neck injury is suspected

10. Assess Breathing (b) Look, listen, feel
Look to see if the chest is rising and falling
Listen for breath sounds
Feel for breath from mouth or nose against your cheek

11. Assess Circulation (C)
Does the athlete have a pulse?
Control any bleeding with direct pressure
Look for lack of circulation – cold or blue/grey color of limbs

13. Secondary Assessment Only to be done when the Athlete :
Has an open airway
Is breathing satisfactorily
Has a good pulse and bleeding is under control

14. If the patient becomes unresponsive, revert to the primary survey
Complete the secondary survey in the position the athlete was found and avoid movement that could aggravate an injury
A full head to toe examination may be needed if the injury was not seen or the athlete’s consciousness was impaired

15. Secondary Assessment

16. Secondary assessment (h.i.t.)
H – History – location of injury, mechanism of injury, symptoms of injury
I – Inspection – look at injury site for signs of injury, check for function of limb or joint
T – Touch – feel (palpate) the injured area to check for:
- point of maximal tenderness
- Deformity
- instability
- swelling
- temperature differences

17. History – what to ask What hurts? Where exactly does it hurt?
Does pain radiate to other areas?
Describe the pain (sharp, dull, burning, throbbing, aching)
How intense is the pain (scale of 1-10)
Any previous injuries or surgeries to this area?
How exactly did it happen?
Tingling, numbness, hearing a pop or snap, headache, blurry vision, light- headed

18. Inspection – visual check
Bleeding – slow or profuse? Color – bright red (arterial – life threatening)
Dark (Venous) serious but not life threatening
Skin changes – bruising, cuts, abrasions, redness
Deformity – compare to the uninjured side, abnormal bulging

19. Inspection – head/Neck/chest
Eye injury – blood in eye, foreign object, rolled contact lens
Tooth injury – missing, chipped, broken
Pupil response to direct light – abnormal in head/eye injury
Rapid breathing – higher than 20 breaths per minute in adults or wheezing, gasping or choking
Chest bruising or signs of broken ribs

20. Touch Do not cause excessive pain to the athlete
Start palpation (gentle pressing) away from the injury site and move towards it to establish exactly what is injured
Skin is doughy – inflammation. Warmth indicates inflammation, cool indicates poor circulation
Range of motion – only if the athlete is not experiencing too much pain
Do not move the limb if you suspect a broken bone

21. Touch
Crepitus – feeling of crunching or grinding that can sometimes be felt if there is a broken bone
Pulse – normal range is beats per minute. Serious injury can cause significant changes to pulse rate