1. Chapter 10 Population doubling every 25 years.
90 percent of population was rural.
Only 5 percent lived west of the Appalachian Mts.
Less trusting of govt.
Spanish to west
Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Vermont were admitted as states.

2. Washington as President
Unanimously drafted as president by the Electoral College in 1789
DID NOT want the job
Started the Cabinet
Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of War: Henry Knox.

3. Bill of Rights Wrote to appease Anti-Federalists
Drafted by James Madison, adopted 1791

4. The Judiciary Act of 1789 created a federal court system
Office of Attorney General was created and filled by Edmond Randolph.
John Jay became the first Chief Justice of Supreme Ct.
There were 5 associate justices with a total of 6 justices on the bench.

5. Hamilton’s Economic Policies
Promote economic growth
Strengthen the nation’s finances
Give financial interests (such as Eastern Merchants) a stake in the new govt.
Burr
Hamilton

6. Hamilton’s Proposals:
Funding at Par – federal gov’t would pay off debts at face value + interest using bonds and funded by tariffs.
Assumption - Federal govt would “assume” all state debts.
capital would be located at the mouth of the Potomac River to appease states with small debts
Custom duties/Excise taxes
Expand domestic manufacturing
National Bank of the United States –
Coin money to keep the currency stable

7. Hamilton v. Jefferson
Jefferson said bank was unconstitutional because it was not in the constitution (STRICT)
Hamilton said it was necessary and proper and the “elastic clause” would permit this action (LOOSE)
Washington asked Jefferson and Hamilton to prepare reports on why each of their opinions should be upheld.
Hamilton’s proposal accepted.
A precedent for federal powers

8. Whiskey Rebellion
Moonshiners protested the excise tax on whiskey by a violent revolt that was ultimately suppressed by a militia raised by George Washington.
This showed that government had power to levy taxes and it was uncalled for if somebody tried to overthrow that power.
Commentary

9. The French Revolution Washington proclaimed neutrality in the war.
Gamble to start war with fragile country
Jeffersonian’s Democratic Republicans did not like the idea of being neutral
Edmond Genet - sent to persuade the Americans into joining the war

10. French Revolution

11. Leading up to the War of 1812 British gave Native Americans firearms
Treaty of Greenville
gave Native Americans money and the right to hunt in the Old Northwest in exchange for end of ownership rights to land.
British attacked American ships and damaged about 300.
thought Americans were helping France
Anti-Federalists wanted War
The Federalists disliked war as Hamilton’s Policies depended on trade with Britain.

12. Jay's Treaty Americans paid back their pre war debt to England
England would evacuate forts in North America.
British pay damages on ships they seized
This was unpopular. Northern merchants are repaid while Southern plantations have to pay pre war debt

13. Pinckney’s Treaty
Spain fears British American alliance and strikes a deal with the U.S.
Gives U.S. the disputed territory N of Florida
Spain gave America free navigation of Miss. River.

14. Washington’s Farewell Address
Stay away from political parties and the dangers of foreign entanglements
“However [political parties] may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion.”

15. John Adams – 2nd President
Federalist
71-68 electoral vote that led to Adams being the President and Jefferson being Vice President

16. XYZ Affair
Adams sent three mediators (called X, Y, and Z) to France after French attacks on American ships.
The French asked to have $250,000 in order to see the Talleyrand (foreign minister)
Americans wanted war
Navy created
Marine Corps were reestablished.
Army of men was authorized (not actually raised).

17. XYZ Affair

18. Peace with France Napoleon took over French Government
Ended Franc0-American Alliance
U.S. paid for destroyed French ships

19. Federalist Control Naturalization Act - naturalization period 14 years
Alien Acts – Gave the government the right to deport any “dangerous” alien even in peacetime.
Sedition Act – Made it illegal to speak out against the government

20. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Jefferson and Madison
Violating Constitution -> state nullifying law
Not adopted
Supreme Court would have power