1. Test Review Human Impact and Nature of Science
In second section write the title above as heading

2. Terms to Know – May not be all the terms – Use notes and study guides to help
Observation
Inference
Prediction
Hypothesis
Scientific Models
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Conclusion
Research
Empirical Evidence
Problem
Experiment
Data Analysis
Communication
Scientific Investigation
Control Variable
Constants
Erosion
Pollution
Acid Rain
Dark Ages
Francis Bacon
Renaissance
Greek – 1st true scientists

3. Nature of Science Standards Covered On Test
SC.7.N.1.1: Define a problem from the seventh grade curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigation of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions.
SC.7.N.1.3: Distinguish between an experiment (which must involve the identification and control of variables) and other forms of scientific investigation and explain that not all scientific knowledge is derived from experimentation.
SC.7.N.1.4: Identify test variables (independent variables) and outcome variables (dependent variables) in an experiment.
SC.7.N.1.5: Describe the methods used in the pursuit of a scientific explanation as seen in different fields of science such as biology, geology, and physics.
SC.7.N.1.6: Explain that empirical evidence is the cumulative body of observations of a natural phenomenon on which scientific explanations are based.
SC.7.N.3.2: Identify the benefits and limitations of the use of scientific models.

4. Step 3 Hypothesis
Read paragraph below and Write down notes on how to write a hypothesis
A hypothesis must be based on your research, have only one variable, and must be testable. The results should be numerical values or be able to be analyzed and placed in a data table and chart. Researchers will not use personal pronouns such as I, me, we, or us in this section of the report. Hypothesis are written in an If…, then… format.
Example: If a cactus is watered once a week, then it will grow better than the other trial groups.

5. SC.7.N.1.1: Define a problem from the seventh grade curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigation of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions.
Explain how a hypothesis that is not supported by the data collected during an experiment can still be useful to the researcher.

6. SC.7.N.1.1: Define a problem from the seventh grade curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigation of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions.
Explain how a hypothesis that is not supported by the data collected during an experiment can still be useful to the researcher.
Know what the answers is not
Know that specific method or technique used is wrong
Leads to the next steps of the research
Just because the hypothesis is wrong does not mean the data is wrong – it just points to another conclusion.
The data can still be used for another experiment.
Example: If a cactus is watered once a week, then it will grow better than the other trial groups.

7. Use the experiment description below to answer questions 2-5
SC.7.N.1.1: Define a problem from the seventh grade curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigation of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions.
Use the experiment description below to answer questions 2-5
Jane is investigating to find out if bean plants grow taller in ordinary topsoil or special potting soil over a three week period. She sets up her investigation with 10 bean plants of equal size in each type of soil.
Sketch the experiment.
Write a hypothesis for the following problem
What should Jane do each day to make sure she gets valid results?
What are constants Jane should have for her experiment? List 4

9. What were the two variables in the Oil Spill lab?
SC.7.N.1.4: Identify test variables (independent variables) and outcome variables (dependent variables) in an experiment
What were the two variables in the Oil Spill lab?
Why did this make it difficult to pin point the best clean up method?

10. What were the two variables in the Oil Spill lab?
SC.7.N.1.4: Identify test variables (independent variables) and outcome variables (dependent variables) in an experiment
What were the two variables in the Oil Spill lab?
The two methods used to collect the oil
Why did this make it difficult to pin point the best clean up method?
There was no way to say which single method was the best at clean up the oil because the two methods were used at the same time. The experiment could only say which two methods together was the best at cleaning up the oil.

11. What is the experiments independent variable?
SC.7.N.1.4: Identify test variables (independent variables) and outcome variables (dependent variables) in an experiment SC.7.N.1.3: Distinguish between an experiment (which must involve the identification and control of variables) and other forms of scientific investigation and explain that not all scientific knowledge is derived from experimentation.
Sonya wanted to know if mowing affects the health of grass during a drought. To find out, she collected data on how often her neighbors mowed their grass.
What is the experiments independent variable?
What is the experiments dependent variable?
How is this investigation and not an experiment?
Based on the information she collected, what is the BEST next step?
Report her findings to her neighbors.
Develop a plan to save everyone's lawns.
Stop her neighbors from mowing their lawns.
Find out if other things might be affecting the grass.
Order the houses by healthiest lawns.
What conclusion can be drawn from this research?

12. What is the experiments independent variable?
SC.7.N.1.4: Identify test variables (independent variables) and outcome variables (dependent variables) in an experiment SC.7.N.1.3: Distinguish between an experiment (which must involve the identification and control of variables) and other forms of scientific investigation and explain that not all scientific knowledge is derived from experimentation.
Sonya wanted to know if mowing affects the health of grass during a drought. To find out, she collected data on how often her neighbors mowed their grass.
What is the experiments independent variable?
How often mowed
What is the experiments dependent variable?
The lawn health
How is this investigation and not an experiment?
Sonya observed how often her neighbors mowed their lawns and too observations on the lawn health. There was no testing done on Sonya’s part.
Based on the information she collected, what is the BEST next step?
Report her findings to her neighbors.
Develop a plan to save everyone's lawns.
Stop her neighbors from mowing their lawns.
Find out if other things might be affecting the grass.
Williams, Perez, and Hodge all mowed their lawns every Saturday and their lawn’s health is all different. This indicates the mowing of the lawn is not the only thing that is affecting the growth of the grass. It could be the type of grass in the lawns, how much water the grass is getting, how much sunlight , etc.
Order the houses by healthiest lawns.
Jones , Mitchell, Sonya, Perez, Hodge, Williams
What conclusion can be drawn from this research?
The lawns that were mowed the least has the most green grass however more research needs to be one.

13. What is the experiments independent variable?
SC.7.N.1.4: Identify test variables (independent variables) and outcome variables (dependent variables) in an experiment SC.7.N.1.1: Define a problem from the seventh grade curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigation of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions.
Brianna's class wants to determine if boys or girls recycled more paper each day. They set up separate recycling bins in the classroom and labeled them "Boys" and "Girls." The students then placed their paper items in the right bins.
What is the experiments independent variable?
What is the experiments dependent variable?
What are constants Brianna should have for her experiment? List 4
Which of the following should the students do each day before emptying the bins?
Make lists of the different types of paper in each bin.
Count and record the number of paper items recycled in each bin.
Make a list of which student recycled which paper item in each of the bins.
Record their estimate of the number of times students placed items in each bin.

14. What is the experiments independent variable?
SC.7.N.1.4: Identify test variables (independent variables) and outcome variables (dependent variables) in an experiment SC.7.N.1.1: Define a problem from the seventh grade curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigation of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions.
Brianna's class wants to determine if boys or girls recycled more paper each day. They set up separate recycling bins in the classroom and labeled them "Boys" and "Girls." The students then placed their paper items in the right bins.
What is the experiments independent variable?
Gender
What is the experiments dependent variable?
How much paper is recycled for each gender
What are constants Brianna should have for her experiment? List 4
Bins in the same location , same color, bins should be the same shape and size , similar number of boys and girls, the researcher should tell the students and make it a competition because it would create unnatural results
Which of the following should the students do each day before emptying the bins?
Make lists of the different types of paper in each bin.
Count and record the number of paper items recycled in each bin.
Make a list of which student recycled which paper item in each of the bins.
Record their estimate of the number of times students placed items in each bin.

15. Limitations of Scientific Models
SC.7.N.3.2: Identify the benefits and limitations of the use of scientific models.
A scientific model
a description of natural phenomenon
used to make predictions.
a good model is both as accurate as possible and as simple as possible.
Limitations of Scientific Models
Missing Details - can't incorporate all the details of complex natural phenomena*.
Incorporating all the details would make the model too complex for easy use
Not exact, so observed data tend to be a little different from predicted data
Benefits
Simple enough that you can use them to make predictions
Convenient way to describe something that happens in nature
Easy for most people to understand
* natural phenomena – observable event

16. SC.7.N.3.2: Identify the benefits and limitations of the use of scientific models.
A scientific model
a description of natural phenomenon
used to make predictions.
a good model is both as accurate as possible and as simple as possible.
Limitations of Scientific Models
Missing Details - can't incorporate all the details of complex natural phenomena*.
Incorporating all the details would make the model too complex for easy use
Not exact, so observed data tend to be a little different from predicted data
Example - For example, when measuring distances around the Earth it's convenient to model the Earth as a sphere, but this doesn't incorporate variations in distance because of mountain ranges, valleys and other topological features the traveler must traverse.
Benefits
Simple enough that you can use them to make predictions
Convenient way to describe something that happens in nature
Easy for most people to understand
* natural phenomena – observable event

17. Scientific knowledge can only be changed by empirical evidence.
SC.7.N.1.6:Explain that empirical evidence is the cumulative body of observations of a natural phenomenon on which scientific explanations are based.
Empirical Evidence is objective data – must be based on study, research, and observation.
Scientific knowledge can only be changed by empirical evidence.

18. Human Impact Acid Rain Deforestation Clear cutting Water pollution
Air pollution
Extinction of animals and plants