1. Theme
Ideas about the world…

2. 1. Theme
Meaning – The general idea about life that is revealed in the text.
The lesson to be learned
A theme of a love story might be: love can conquer any obstacle.
A theme of a story about suffering might be: hard work pays off.

3. 2. Universal Themes
Meaning – Themes that can be found in stories in any culture, place or period.
Example
Be kind to others if you want them to be kind to you.

4. 3. Literary themes
Meaning – A statement that a piece of writing makes about a subject.

5. 4. Subject
Meaning – The subject is the topic of the text; what the text is about
Usually the subject can be stated in a single word such as: love, war or innocence.

6. 5. Generalization
Meaning – A generalization is a statement that applies to many people or situations. They do not have to be true all of the time, but they are normally true.
Ex. Studying hard generally leads to good grades.
Themes are expressed as generalizations.

7. 6. Genres Meaning – Genres are different forms of texts.
Types of Genres:
Drama
Fiction
Poetry
Non-fiction

8. 7. Analogy
Meaning – An analogy compares the relationship between two pairs of words.
Examples
Big : Small :: Happy : Sad
Puppy : Dog :: Kitten : Cat
Ice : Cold :: Fire : Hot
Lizabeth : Protagonist :: Miss Lotty : Antagonist