1. Women In Stem Patreon.com/scientistmel Twitter.com/scientistmel
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2. Women in stem A Bit of History 1636 Harvard opens
1879 women separate school
1871 women petitioned
1920 allowed in Edu
1945 allowed in Med
1950 allowed in Law
1833 – women allowed (Oberlin)
But only some classes
1980 – 50/50 attendance
Harvard opened in 1636…but is was Oberlin university in 1833 that first allowed women for degrees. However, only some courses allowed women. Other courses were meant for men…science and math.

3. Women in stem Science Primarily Male Dominated Societal constraints
Women felt incapable
Men felt women incapable
Women meant for marriage & babies

4. Women in stem A Bit of History Women have been in science
Voices are not as loud
Work has been stolen
Snubbed due to sexism

5. Women in stem Chien-Shiung Wu Manhattan Project
The law holds that in quantum mechanics, two physical systems—like atoms—that were mirror images would behave in identical ways.
Chien-Shiung Wu
Manhattan Project
Disproved law of parity – cobalt-60
Colleagues got Nobel – left her out

6. Women in stem Esther Lederberg Lambda bacteriophage
She deserved credit for the discovery of lambda phage, her work on the F fertility factor, and, especially, replica plating
Esther Lederberg
Lambda bacteriophage
Husband got the Nobel and shared it with colleagues

7. Women in stem Jocelyn Burnell Discovered pulsars
discovered pulsars in 1967 while still a graduate student in radio astronomy at Cambridge University in England.
Jocelyn Burnell
Discovered pulsars
Supervisor and a colleague got the Nobel

8. Women in stem School Statistics K-12 Girls on par with male peers
Gaps found in race/background/income
Less educated parents – less enrollment
Low income – less enrollment
Male students – more likely to take engineering and computer science

9. Women in stem University Statistics
Women earned 50.3% of science/engineering degrees
Gender disparity found in minority women
11.2% Science/engineering
8.2% Grad degrees
4.1% PhD
Gender disparity in specific sciences
17.9% computer science
19.3% engineering
39% physical
43.1% mathematics

10. Women in stem STEM Workforce Statistics Gender disparity
50% of college educated workforce
29% science/engineering
62% social
48% bio/ag/enviro sciences
15% computer
25% math
Gender disparity
35.2% chemists
11.1% physicists/astronomers
33.8% environmental engineers
22.7% chemical engineers
17.5% civil/architectural engineers
17.1% industrial engineers
10.7% electrical/computer hardware engineers
7.9% mechanical engineers
Women remain underrepresented in the science and engineering workforce, although to a lesser degree than in the past, with the greatest disparities occurring in engineering, computer science, and the physical sciences

11. Women in stem STEM Workforce Statistics
Race and ethnicity are salient factors
70% of STEM workers were white (2013)
11% are minorities (27% US working age population)
Minority women makeup 1:10 employed scientists and engineers
The U.S. science and engineering workforce has become more diverse, but several racial and ethnic minority groups continue to be significantly underrepresented.

12. Women in stem Current Issues for Women in Stem Leaving the field
Sexism/harassment
Not first authors
Lack of representation in peer review
Peer treatment

13. Women in stem
Report via American Association of University Women

14. Women in stem
Report via American Association of University Women

15. Women in stem
Report via American Association of University Women

16. Women in stem Report via American Association of University Women
Women likely leave the workforce due to work environment, bias, and sexism
Report via American Association of University Women

17. Women in stem Recent studies
Male classmates consider other males more apt in science
Treatment of women likely contribute to them leaving the field
Women forced to choose family or career
Inappropriate work environment

18. Women in stem Women have struggled Under-represented
Have made huge contributions
Still some walls to overcome
Must start shifting perspectives
Address bias and hostile environments
Progress isn’t a straight line

19. twins
Sources!
should-know /
underestimate-female-peers-study-finds/
education-in-the-united-states
harvard/
overlooked-dna-history-science/
industry-structure-sexist-courses-careers
Images via Google Search

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