1. HiGEM Ocean Surface boundary condition Freshwater balance
Initial conditions
HiGEM 1.3 ?
Bug fixes

8. Ocean volume conservation
HadGEM
HiGEM

9. SODA (Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)
Reanalysis of ocean circulation using Parallel Ocean Program (POP) 2.1 code
Global 0.25 X 0.4 degree, 40 levels, displaced pole grid
Forced by ECMWF ERA-40 winds, GPCP surface freshwater flux, observed monthly sea ice
Assimilates hydrography (Levitus 2001 MBTs, XBTs,CTDs, floats,moored thermistor chains), in-situ and satellite SSTs
Output are monthly mean T, S, U, V, SSH on a 0.5 X 0.5 degree lat-long 40 level grid
Data available for using ERA-40 winds and using QuikSCAT
Carton and Giese, U. Maryland and Texas A&M

10. SODA Ocean start dump

11. SODA in HadGEM Nino indicies

12. SODA in HiGOM Atlantic MOC

13. Ocean errors in HiGEM1.2 - possible fixes
SH sea ice loss - ocean vertical mixing and GM
Subsurface warming - subduction within gyres, large scale wind stress, horizontal viscosity and too large diapycnal mixing
Florida Current transport - sensitivity to horizontal viscosity
Position of NAC and N. Atlantic SST errors - partial cells and horizontal viscosity
ACC transport - zonal wind stress, SH sea ice loss, GM and ocean depth
Surface boundary condition on freshwater flux
Bug fixes - upwind advection scheme and sublimation from sea ice

15. Heatsink at ocean floor (W/m2) xbylr annual mean year 10