1. How did Eli Whitney’s cotton gin work?
A worker cranked the machine and the “teeth” separated green seeds from cotton fibers.

2. The lack of roads made shipping by land very difficult.
Why did southern cotton planters rely on the region’s rivers to ship goods.
The lack of roads made shipping by land very difficult.

3. Better food, clothing, and shelter.
Unlike slaves working on the plantations, slaves working in the planter’s houses usually had…..?
Better food, clothing, and shelter.

4. Crop prices fell and the demand for slaves decreased.
Why did the value of slaves drop in the South following the American Revolution?
Crop $
Crop prices fell and the demand for slaves decreased.

5. In the first half of the 1800’s, what portion of white southern families owned slaves?
One Third

6. What does “crop rotation” involve?
Changing the type of plants grown on a given plot each year in order to protect the land from mineral loss.

7. By 1860, some free African Amer
By 1860, some free African Amer.’s living in the South were decedents of the _________ Revolution of the late 1790’s
Haitian

8. Strict laws that controlled the actions of slaves.
What were “the slave codes?”
Strict laws that controlled the actions of slaves.

9. God created some people to rule over others.
Wealthy white southerners used religion to justify the institution of slavery by arguing….?
God created some people to rule over others.

10. Most of the South’s big cities had started as….?
Shipping Centers

11. What were spirituals?
Emotional Christian songs, sung by the slaves.

12. What group of people from the South would most likely say the following:
“I desire above all things to be a Farmer.” “It is the most honest, upright, and sure way of securing all the comforts of life.
Enslaved African Americans
Yeoman
Poor Whites
Planters
Free African Americans

13. A ________ is a white owner of a small farm.
Yeoman

14. Supervising slaves within the household.
What was one duty of a planter’s wife?
Supervising slaves within the household.

15. Engage in business transactions.
With the help of a white person, free African Amer.’s, (by 1860), could….?
Engage in business transactions.

16. What did southerners fear, after cities and states, passed laws limiting the rights of freed slaves and free African-Amer.’s?
Slave Rebellions

17. Slaves did most of the work.
For enslaved African-Amer.’s, how was life in the southern cities similar to plantation life?
Slaves did most of the work.

18. What have some historians called “the invisible institution?”
Slave Religion

19. Slave codes were toughened.
What was the effect of Nat Turner’s rebellion of 1831?
Slave codes were toughened.

20. Free the slaves.
Nat Turner led a group of slaves to kill slaveholders because he believed he was on a mission from God to………?

21. Slaves most often ran away from slaveholders in order to do what?
Visit relatives.

22. What made agriculture more profitable than industry, in the South?
Tax cuts

23. What happened to Nat Turner after the rebellion he started in 1831?
He was sentenced to death.
What happened to Nat Turner after the rebellion he started in 1831?

24. Earning money to buy their freedom.
What advantage did skilled slaves have over unskilled slaves?
Earning money to buy their freedom.

25. An act of congress banned the importation of slaves to the U.S.
What was responsible for increasing the domestic slave trade in the early 1800’s?
An act of congress banned the importation of slaves to the U.S.

26. Teaching slaves was prohibited in most states.
Why were slaves uneducated? NO NO NO
Teaching slaves was prohibited in most states.

27. Mostly through physical punishment.
How did most planters encourage obedience?
Mostly through physical punishment.

28. Many of the first factories of the South were built for….???
The processing of crops such as sugar cane.

29. Tobacco needed to be dried before shipping.
What was the main problem with the production of tobacco before 1840?
Tobacco needed to be dried before shipping.

30. What was the “Cotton Belt?”
An area stretching from S. Carolina to Texas that grew most of the country’s cotton crop.

31. They slowed down their work in the fields.
In what way did the slaves rebel against long working hours?
They slowed down their work in the fields.

32. The fate of parents, brothers, sisters, and children.
What would a slave have worried about the most when coming up for auction.
The fate of parents, brothers, sisters, and children.

33. Through folktales, with traditional characters and morals.
How did enslaved parents pass their culture down to their children?
Through folktales, with traditional characters and morals.

34. Prior to his trial, how did Nat Turner feel about the revolt he led?
He felt it was worth suffering for.

35. What was the most violent slave uprising in the U.S.?
Nat Turner’s Rebellion.