2. Chordate Characteristics

5. Urochordates
Tunicates & Sea Squirts

6. Cephalochordates Lancelets (Amphioxus)

7. Agnatha
Hagfish & Lamprey

8. Agnatha
- True vertebrae - Gills

9. Lamprey

17. Chondrichthyes (cartilagenous fish)

20. Gnathostomes

21. 2 chambered heart

22. Cat Shark Egg
Oviparous
Porbeagle embryo viviparous
Dogfish Shark embryos
Ovoviviparous

25. Lateral Line

26. Osteichthyes

29. Osteichthyes Bone in their skeleton
An operculum covering the gill openings
A swimbladder or lungs
True scales
Paired fins
Ammonia excretion

33. Amphibia
Amphibians
1st tetrapods

34. Tetrapod
Ectothermic
3-chambered heart (Double circulation)
Smooth skin, lacks scales (Desiccation if dry)
Cutaneous respiration
Lungs
Excretes urea

37. Metamorphosis Tadpoles Frogs Herbivorous Carnivorous Aquatic
Aquatic & Terrestrial
Single loop circulation
Double loop circulation
Gills
Lungs

38. External Fertilization

39. Bioindicators

43. Reptile Characteristics
Ectothermic
Dry skin covered in scales
Most have 2 pairs of short legs & clawed feet
Oviparous reproduction
Internal fertilization – to avoid desiccation of gametes

44. Eggs amniotic
Lungs to breathe
3 or 4 chambered heart
No metamorphosis
Hibernate & aestivate

48. Excretory Waste
The excretory waste of the reptiles is uric acid

51. Aves Endothermic Feathers = modified scales Wings Hollow bones
4 chambered heart
Amniotic egg
Parental care
Crop & gizzard
Air sacs & lungs
Counter-current circulation
Uric Acid excretion
Aves

57. Parental Care

58. Mammals
Endothermic
Mammary glands
Fur
4 chambered heart
Diaphragm

61. Monotremes

62. Marsupials

63. Eutherians